Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24480973›Full record

ArticleLeukemia2014

Single-cell genetic analysis reveals the composition of initiating clones and phylogenetic patterns of branching and parallel evolution in myeloma.

L Melchor, A Brioli, C P Wardell, A Murison, N E Potter, M F Kaiser, R A Fryer, D C Johnson, D B Begum, S Hulkki Wilson and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Leukemia, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
142citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

142 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. The Spectrum and Clinical Impact of Epigenetic Modifier Mutations in Myeloma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2016
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  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. [Value of gene mutation in the prognosis and treatment of multiple myeloma].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2025
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  18. Review
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  20. Article

82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

L MelchorCentre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
A Brioli1] Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK [2] Istituto di Ematologia Seràgnoli, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
C P WardellCentre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
A MurisonCentre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
N E PotterMolecular Haematology, Haemato-Oncology Research Unit, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
M F KaiserCentre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
R A FryerCentre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
D C JohnsonCentre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
D B BegumCentre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
S Hulkki WilsonCentre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
G VijayaraghavanDivision of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
I TitleyMolecular Haematology, Haemato-Oncology Research Unit, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
M CavoIstituto di Ematologia Seràgnoli, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
F E DaviesCentre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
B A WalkerCentre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
G J MorganCentre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.

Funding

Cancer Research UK
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although intratumor heterogeneity has been inferred in multiple myeloma (MM), little is known about its subclonal phylogeny. To describe such phylogenetic trees in a series of patients with MM, we perform whole-exome sequencing and single-cell genetic analysis. Our results demonstrate that at presentation myeloma is composed of two to six different major clones, which are related by linear and branching phylogenies. Remarkably, the earliest myeloma-initiating clones, some of which only had the initiating t(11;14), were still present at low frequencies at the time of diagnosis. For the first time in myeloma, we demonstrate parallel evolution whereby two independent clones activate the RAS/MAPK pathway through RAS mutations and give rise subsequently to distinct subclonal lineages. We also report the co-occurrence of RAS and interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) p.K123R mutations in 4% of myeloma patients. Lastly, we describe the fluctuations of myeloma subclonal architecture in a patient analyzed at presentation and relapse and in NOD/SCID-IL2Rγ(null) xenografts, revealing clonal extinction and the emergence of new clones that acquire additional mutations. This study confirms that myeloma subclones exhibit different survival properties during treatment or mouse engraftment. We conclude that clonal diversity combined with varying selective pressures is the essential foundation for tumor progression and treatment resistance in myeloma.

Indexed as

Clonal EvolutionPhylogenySingle-Cell AnalysisAgedAnimalsChromosomes, Human, Pair 11Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14FemaleGenes, rasHumansInterferon Regulatory Factor-4Interferon Regulatory FactorsMaleMiceMice, SCIDMiddle AgedInterferon Regulatory Factor-4Interferon Regulatory Factors

Identifiers

PMID24480973

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.