SynthesisBMC pregnancy and childbirth2014
Prenatal risk factors for Tourette Syndrome: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- The correlation between prenatal maternal active smoking and neurodevelopmental disorders in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Health outcomes of smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period: an umbrella review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical significance of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin levels in children with tic disorders.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- The Prevalence of Tic Disorders in Poland: Regional and Sex Differences.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- The relationship between neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and NLRP3 inflammasome.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Unpacking Tourette Syndrome in Children: Insights into Prevalence and Comorbidities from NSCH Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Prolonged screen time is associated with increased severity of tic symptoms in children with tic disorders.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- The role of neuroactive steroids in tic disorders.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Association of Pre- and Perinatal Risk Factors With Tourette Syndrome or Chronic Tic Disorders in a Korean School-Age Population.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2023Article
- The Aetiology of Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Case-Control Studies.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- A multifactorial model for the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders: the role of advanced paternal age.Pediatric research · 2022Review
- Trends of Tourette Syndrome in children from 2011 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Tic Disorders in Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders among offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Obstetrics & gynecology science · 2021Article
- Histamine, Neuroinflammation and Neurodevelopment: A Review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Family-Based Analysis Combined with Case-Controls Study Implicate Roles of PCNT in Tourette Syndrome.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2020Article
- Beliefs about Tic Disorders and Tourette's Syndrome in South Korea: An Online Panel Survey.Soa--ch'ongsonyon chongsin uihak = Journal of child & adolescent psychiatry · 2019Article
- Parental Age and Differential Estimates of Risk for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Findings From the Danish Birth Cohort.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2019Article
- Immunity in Gilles de la Tourette-Syndrome: Results From a Cerebrospinal Fluid Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
- European Multicentre Tics in Children Studies (EMTICS): protocol for two cohort studies to assess risk factors for tic onset and exacerbation in children and adolescents.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTourette Syndrome (TS) appears to be an inherited disorder, although genetic abnormalities have been identified in less than 1% of patients, and the mode of inheritance is uncertain. Many studies have investigated environmental factors that might contribute to the onset and severity of tics and associated comorbidities such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). A systematic review and qualitative analysis were performed to provide a broad view of the association between pre- and perinatal factors and TS.
methodsThe Medline, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched using terms specific to Tourette's syndrome and keywords such as "pregnancy", "prenatal", "perinatal", "birth" and "neonatal". Studies were limited to studies on human subjects published in English or French through October 2012.
results22 studies were included. Studies were of limited methodological quality, with most samples derived from specialty clinics, and most exposures ascertained retrospectively. The majority of the results for demographic factors of parents, including age, education, socioeconomic status, and marital status, revealed no significant association with the onset of TS, or the presence of comorbidity. Many factors were reported to be significantly associated with the onset of TS, the presence of comorbidity and symptom severity, but the most consistently reported factors were maternal smoking and low birth weight.
conclusionsThere are few studies evaluating the relationship between pre and perinatal events and TS, and existing studies have major limitations, including the use of clinic rather than epidemiologically derived samples, retrospective data collection on pre and perinatal events and multiple hypothesis testing without appropriate statistical correction. The mechanism by which prenatal and perinatal adversities could lead to TS onset or symptom severity is unknown, but may be related to changes in the dopaminergic system as a result of early brain injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.