ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2014
Insulin-Like Factor 3 and the HPG Axis in the Male.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Transcriptomic Profiling of Canine Testicular Leydig Cell Tumors Uncovers Key Upregulated Gene Pathways.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Article
- Comprehensive Insight into the Male Dog Reproductive System in Health and Diseases: Developmental, Genetic, and Environmental Factors-Review on Research and Clinical Trials.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Clinical Course of Severe Perineal Hypospadias with Cryptorchid Testicular Tumors in a Dog: Contextual Reference to Developmental and Endocrine Transcriptomic Pathways.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- N-salicyloyl tryptamine derivative ameliorates spermatogenic dysfunction in obese mice by attenuating insulin resistance, enhancing Sertoli cell glycolysis, and inhibiting apoptosis: anFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Protective Effects ofToxics · 2025Article
- Foetal Exposure to Phthalates and Endocrine Effects on the Leydig Cell.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Review
- INSL3 Variation in Dogs Following Suppression and Recovery of the HPG Axis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Relationship between semen parameters, serum InhB, and INSL-3 levels, and the degree of varicocele.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Article
- Assessing hypothalamic pituitary gonadal function in reproductive disorders.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2023Review
- Animal Welfare Assessment Protocols for Bulls in Artificial Insemination Centers: Requirements, Principles, and Criteria.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Article
- The Leydig cell biomarker INSL3 as a predictor of age-related morbidity: Findings from the EMAS cohort.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Association between paternal pre-pregnancy body mass index with preterm birth and low birth weight.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Distribution of extracellular matrix related proteins in normal and cryptorchid ziwuling black goat testes.Animal reproduction · 2022Article
- Hormonal therapy is effective and safe for cryptorchidism caused by idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in adult males.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) in congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH) in boys with delayed puberty and adult men.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Verbascoside attenuates experimental varicocele-induced damage to testes and sperm levels through up-regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis.Pharmaceutical biology · 2021Article
- Transcriptome analysis identifies genes and co-expression networks underlying heat tolerance in pigs.BMC genetics · 2020Article
- Effects of Osteocalcin on Synthesis of Testosterone and INSL3 during Adult Leydig Cell Differentiation.International journal of endocrinology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis comprises pulsatile GnRH from the hypothalamus impacting on the anterior pituitary to induce expression and release of both LH and FSH into the circulation. These in turn stimulate receptors on testicular Leydig and Sertoli cells, respectively, to promote steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. Both Leydig and Sertoli cells exhibit negative feedback to the pituitary and/or hypothalamus via their products testosterone and inhibin B, respectively, thereby allowing tight regulation of the HPG axis. In particular, LH exerts both acute control on Leydig cells by influencing steroidogenic enzyme activity, as well as chronic control by impacting on Leydig cell differentiation and gene expression. Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) represents an additional and different endpoint of the HPG axis. This Leydig cell hormone interacts with specific receptors, called RXFP2, on Leydig cells themselves to modulate steroidogenesis, and on male germ cells, probably to synergize with androgen-dependent Sertoli cell products to support spermatogenesis. Unlike testosterone, INSL3 is not acutely regulated by the HPG axis, but is a constitutive product of Leydig cells, which reflects their number and/or differentiation status and their ability therefore to produce various factors including steroids, together this is referred to as Leydig cell functional capacity. Because INSL3 is not subject to the acute episodic fluctuations inherent in the HPG axis itself, it serves as an excellent marker for Leydig cell differentiation and functional capacity, as in puberty, or in monitoring the treatment of hypogonadal patients, and at the same time buffering the HPG output.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.