ArticleInfection and immunity2014
Role of ferric reductases in iron acquisition and virulence in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
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- Carrying the seeds of your crop: fungal genetic networks activated during colonization of the ambrosia beetle symbiotic organ.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Ferric Reductase is a Key Factor in Regulating Iron Absorption by Blastocystis sp.Acta parasitologica · 2025Article
- Review
- Acidic pH Reduces Fluconazole Susceptibility inJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Cryptococcal nutrient acquisition and pathogenesis: dining on the host.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- The Role ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Decoding Pecan's Fungal Foe: A Genomic Insight intoJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The kinase Bud32 regulates iron homeostasis in fungal pathogenFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Polystyrene nanoparticles reduce theFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Regulatory and pathogenic mechanisms in response to iron deficiency and excess in fungi.Microbial biotechnology · 2023Review
- Iron Starvation Induces Ferricrocin Production and the Reductive Iron Acquisition System in the Chromoblastomycosis AgentJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Heme sensing and trafficking in fungi.Fungal biology reviews · 2023Article
- First genome-scale insights into the virulence of the snow mold causal fungus Microdochium nivale.IMA fungus · 2023Article
- Comparative metabolomic profiling ofFrontiers in chemistry · 2023Article
- Article
- Cryptococcus spp. and Cryptococcosis: focusing on the infection in Brazil.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2022Review
- Article
- Interactions between copper homeostasis and the fungal cell wall affect copper stress resistance.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Iron acquisition is critical for the ability of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans to cause disease in vertebrate hosts. In particular, iron overload exacerbates cryptococcal disease in an animal model, defects in iron acquisition attenuate virulence, and iron availability influences the expression of major virulence factors. C. neoformans acquires iron by multiple mechanisms, including a ferroxidase-permease high-affinity system, siderophore uptake, and utilization of both heme and transferrin. In this study, we examined the expression of eight candidate ferric reductase genes and their contributions to iron acquisition as well as to ferric and cupric reductase activities. We found that loss of the FRE4 gene resulted in a defect in production of the virulence factor melanin and increased susceptibility to azole antifungal drugs. In addition, the FRE2 gene was important for growth on the iron sources heme and transferrin, which are relevant for proliferation in the host. Fre2 may participate with the ferroxidase Cfo1 of the high-affinity uptake system for growth on heme, because a mutant lacking both genes showed a more pronounced growth defect than the fre2 single mutant. A role for Fre2 in iron acquisition is consistent with the attenuation of virulence observed for the fre2 mutant. This mutant also was defective in accumulation in the brains of infected mice, a phenotype previously observed for mutants with defects in high-affinity iron uptake (e.g., the cfo1 mutant). Overall, this study provides a more detailed view of the iron acquisition components required for C. neoformans to cause cryptococcosis.
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