ArticlePloS one2014
Higher education moderates the effect of T2 lesion load and third ventricle width on cognition in multiple sclerosis.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- The intersection of race and sex on the clinical and cognitive progression of multiple sclerosis.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2024Article
- Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: from phenomenology to neurobiological mechanisms.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
- The 7-year follow-up of the Hungarian BICAMS validation cohort implies that cognitive performance may improve in multiple sclerosis patients.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Depressive symptoms, anxiety and cognitive impairment: emerging evidence in multiple sclerosis.Translational psychiatry · 2023Review
- Assessment of cognitive function and its predictors in patients with multiple sclerosis: a case-control study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Article
- Skeletonized mean diffusivity and neuropsychological performance in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
- The Complex Interplay Between Trait Fatigue and Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis.Psychologica Belgica · 2022Article
- Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Is Associated With Regional Brain Activity Deficits in Motor- and Cognitive-Related Brain Areas.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
- Cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis: the contribution of intellectual enrichment and brain MRI measures.Journal of neurology · 2018Article
- Is impaired cerebral vasoreactivity an early marker of cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis patients?European radiology · 2018Article
- Neuropsychological Assessment of Older Adults With Virtual Reality: Association of Age, Schooling, and General Cognitive Status.Frontiers in psychology · 2018Article
- The Rationale for Monitoring Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis: Practical Issues for Clinicians.The open neurology journal · 2018Review
- Interplay Between Age and Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis: Effects on Motor and Cognitive Functions.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2018Review
- Cognition and fatigue in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated by subcutaneous interferon β-1a: an observational study SKORE.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2017Article
- Measurement and maintenance of reserve in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2016Review
- 3D shape analysis of the brain's third ventricle using a midplane encoded symmetric template model.Computer methods and programs in biomedicine · 2016Article
- Cerebral small vessel disease, cognitive reserve and cognitive dysfunction.Journal of neurology · 2015Review
- Predictive value of different conventional and non-conventional MRI-parameters for specific domains of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2015Article
- Cognitive Reserve as a Useful Concept for Early Intervention Research in Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2015Review
- Measuring Gray Matter and White Matter Damage in MS: Why This is Not Enough.Frontiers in neurology · 2015Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious work suggested greater intellectual enrichment might moderate the negative impact of brain atrophy on cognition. This awaits confirmation in independent cohorts including investigation of the role of T2-lesion load (T2-LL), which is another important determinant of cognition in MS. We here thus aimed to test this cognitive reserve hypothesis by investigating whether educational attainment (EA) moderates the negative effects of both brain atrophy and T2-LL on cognitive function in a large sample of MS patients.
methods137 patients participated in the study. Cognition was assessed by the "Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests." T2-LL, normalized brain volume (global volume loss) and third ventricle width (regional volume loss) served as MRI markers.
resultsBoth T2-LL and atrophy predicted worse cognition, with a stronger effect of T2-LL. Higher EA (as assessed by years of education) also predicted better cognition. Interactions showed that the negative effects of T2-LL and regional brain atrophy were moderated by EA.
conclusionsIn a cohort with different stages of MS, higher EA attenuated the negative effects of white matter lesion burden and third ventricle width (suggestive of thalamic atrophy) on cognitive performance. Actively enhancing cognitive reserve might thus be a means to reduce or prevent cognitive problems in MS in parallel to disease modifying drugs.
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