Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24474681›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2014

Birth outcomes and maternal residential proximity to natural gas development in rural Colorado.

Lisa M McKenzie, Ruixin Guo, Roxana Z Witter, David A Savitz, Lee S Newman, John L Adgate

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
129citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
27.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

129 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 337 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. The public health impacts of mining in Australia.The Medical journal of Australia · 2025
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Impact of oil and gas boom and busts on working-age mortality in the U.S.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Exposures from Oil and Gas Development and Childhood Leukemia Risk in Colorado: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Lisa M McKenzieDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, and.
Ruixin Guo
Roxana Z Witter
David A Savitz
Lee S Newman
John L Adgate
Brown University · USColorado School of Public Health · US

Funding

Spatial Analysis CoreR24HD041020 · NICHD · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI FOSTER, ANDREW D. · 2001 to 2016
$7.4M
NICHD NIH HHS R24 HD041020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBirth defects are a leading cause of neonatal mortality. Natural gas development (NGD) emits several potential teratogens, and U.S. production of natural gas is expanding.

objectivesWe examined associations between maternal residential proximity to NGD and birth outcomes in a retrospective cohort study of 124,842 births between 1996 and 2009 in rural Colorado.

methodsWe calculated inverse distance weighted natural gas well counts within a 10-mile radius of maternal residence to estimate maternal exposure to NGD. Logistic regression, adjusted for maternal and infant covariates, was used to estimate associations with exposure tertiles for congenital heart defects (CHDs), neural tube defects (NTDs), oral clefts, preterm birth, and term low birth weight. The association with term birth weight was investigated using multiple linear regression.

resultsPrevalence of CHDs increased with exposure tertile, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.3 for the highest tertile (95% CI: 1.2, 1.5); NTD prevalence was associated with the highest tertile of exposure (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.0, 3.9, based on 59 cases), compared with the absence of any gas wells within a 10-mile radius. Exposure was negatively associated with preterm birth and positively associated with fetal growth, although the magnitude of association was small. No association was found between exposure and oral clefts.

conclusionsIn this large cohort, we observed an association between density and proximity of natural gas wells within a 10-mile radius of maternal residence and prevalence of CHDs and possibly NTDs. Greater specificity in exposure estimates is needed to further explore these associations.

Indexed as

Cleft PalateColoradoFemaleHeart Defects, CongenitalHumansInfant, Low Birth WeightInfant, NewbornMaleMaternal ExposureNatural GasNeural Tube DefectsOdds RatioPregnancyPremature BirthRetrospective StudiesNatural Gas

Identifiers

PMID24474681
PMCPMC3984231
OpenAlexW1993319007

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC0
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.