ArticleThe Annals of pharmacotherapy2014
Potentially driver-impairing (PDI) medication use in medically impaired adults referred for driving evaluation.
Article in The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in the burden of medications that may impair driving among older adults before and after a motor vehicle crash.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Observational
- Medication and Road Test Performance Among Cognitively Healthy Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Use of potentially driver-impairing drugs among older drivers.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Feasibility and Validity of a Low-Cost Racing Simulator in Driving Assessment after Stroke.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Observational
- Truth or Consequences.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2016Article
- Older adult drivers living in residential care facilities.The annals of long-term care : the official journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPotentially driver-impairing (PDI) medications have been associated with poorer driving performance and increased risk of motor vehicle collision.
objectivesTo describe the frequency of medication use and to determine the association between routine use of PDI medications and performance on driving and cognitive tests.
methodsA total of 225 drivers with medical impairment (mean age 68 ± 12.8 years, 62.2% male) were referred to an occupational therapy-based driving evaluation clinic. Medication lists were reviewed to identify PDI drugs, as defined by a previous study examining medications and crash risk. Outcome variables included road testing on the modified Washington University Road Test and cognitive scores on Trail Making Test Parts A and B, Snellgrove Maze Task, Clock Drawing Task, Driving Health Inventory (DHI) Useful Field of View, DHI Motor Free Visual Perceptual Test, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Geriatric Depression Scale, and Functional Assessment Questionnaire.
resultsPDI medication use was documented in 68.9% of the sample, with the average subject taking 1.4 PDI drugs. Drivers taking routine PDI medications had a mean ESS score of 7.8 compared to 6.0 in the control group, suggesting increased somnolence (P = .007). Total number of routine medications, regardless of PDI designation, also correlated positively with ESS scores (P = .023).
conclusionsUse of PDI medications was associated with informant ratings of daytime drowsiness on the ESS, which has been linked to motor vehicle crash risk. Further investigation of individual drug classes is warranted using larger sample sizes and a high-powered study design.
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Registered trials
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