ArticleMalaria journal2014
Analysis of pfhrp2 genetic diversity in Senegal and implications for use of rapid diagnostic tests.
Article in Malaria journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Plasmodium falciparum pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions on malaria control worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates with deletions in histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 genes in context with sub-Saharan Africa and India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2020Pooled it
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- Spatial and genetic dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein2 in sub-Saharan Africa.PloS one · 2026Article
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- Deletion of target gene (histidine-rich protein 2/3) for Plasmodium falciparum rapid diagnostic tests in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Performance and usability evaluation of three LDH-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Kédougou, Senegal.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- RDT performance through high-throughput bead-based antigen detection during malaria school survey in Senegal.Frontiers in parasitology · 2025Article
- Contrasting sequence polymorphism and structural basis patterns ofJournal of biosciences · 2025Article
- Performance and usability evaluation of three LDH-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Kédougou, Senegal.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Novel Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 repeat type in Ethiopian malaria infection: does this affect performance of HRP2-based malaria RDT?Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Investigating the etiologies of non-malarial febrile illness in Senegal using metagenomic sequencing.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Deletion patterns, genetic variability and protein structure of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3: implications for malaria rapid diagnostic test in Amhara region, Ethiopia.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Factors Affecting the Performance of HRP2-Based Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Review
- Digital microscopy and artificial intelligence could profoundly contribute to malaria diagnosis in elimination settings.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2022Article
- Purification of native histidine-rich protein 2 (nHRP2) from Plasmodium falciparum culture supernatant, infected RBCs, and parasite lysate.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Genetic variation of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 in Assosa zone, Ethiopia: its impact on the performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Article
- Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum isolates lacking the histidine rich protein 2 gene among symptomatic malaria patients in Kwilu Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2021Article
- Molecular epidemiological surveillance of Africa and Asia imported malaria in Wuhan, Central China: comparison of diagnostic tools during 2011-2018.Malaria journal · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Senegalese National Malaria Control Programme has recommended use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) that target the histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2), specific to Plasmodium falciparum, to diagnose malaria cases. The target antigen has been shown to be polymorphic, which may explain the variability in HRP2-based RDT results reported in field studies. The genetic diversity of the pfhrp2 gene has not been investigated in depth in many African countries. The goal of this study is to determine the extent of polymorphism in pfhrp2 among Senegal, Mali and Uganda parasite populations, and discuss the implications of these findings on the utility of RDTs that are based on HRP2 detection.
methodsSequencing data from the pfhrp2 locus were used to analyze the genetic diversity of this gene among three populations, with different transmission dynamics and malaria parasite ecologies. Nucleotide diversity (π) and non-synonymous nucleotide diversity (πNS) were studied in the pfhrp2 gene from isolates obtained in Senegal. Amino acid repeat length polymorphisms in the PfHRP2 antigen were characterized and parameters of genetic diversity, such as frequency and correlation between repeats in these populations, were assessed.
resultsThe diversity survey of the pfhrp2 gene identified 29 SNPs as well as insertion and deletion polymorphisms within a 918 bp region. The Senegal pfhrp2 exhibited a substantial level of diversity [π = 0.00559 and πNS = 0.014111 (πS = 0.0291627)], similar to several polymorphic genes, such as msp1, involved in immune responses, and the gene encoding the SURFIN polymorphic antigen, which are surface exposed parasite proteins. Extensive repeat length polymorphisms in PfHRP2, as well as similar patterns in the number, organization and the type of predicted amino acid repeats were observed among the three populations, characterized by an occurrence of Type 2, Type 4 and Type 7 repeats.
conclusionsThese results warrant deeper monitoring of the RDT target antigen diversity and emphasize that development of other essential genes as a target for diagnostic tools is critical.
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