ArticleRetrovirology2014
Trans-activation, post-transcriptional maturation, and induction of antibodies to HERV-K (HML-2) envelope transmembrane protein in HIV-1 infection.
Article in Retrovirology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retroviral Remnants in the Human Genome: Classification, Integration and Regulation.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
- HERV-K TM Subunit Elicits CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The relationship between HERVs and exogenous viral infections: A focus on the value of HERVs in disease prediction and treatment.Virulence · 2025Review
- Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus and human endogenous retroviruses.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Review
- Endogenous Retroviruses Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review of Inflammatory Signaling/Senescence-Related Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Review
- Beyond pathogens: the intriguing genetic legacy of endogenous retroviruses in host physiology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Human endogenous retroviruses and exogenous viral infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and HIV Promote PAH via Inflammation and Growth Stimulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Autoantibodies Against Unmodified and Citrullinated Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Envelope Protein in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.The Journal of rheumatology · 2022Article
- Antibodies against human endogenous retrovirus K102 envelope activate neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- Endogenous Retroviruses in Nervous System Disorders.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Viral Causality of Human Cancer and Potential Roles of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in the Multi-Omics Era: An Evolutionary Epidemiology Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Formation of HERV-K and HERV-Fc1 Envelope Family Members is Suppressed on Transcriptional and Translational Level.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus K (HML-2) in Health and Disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus Expression Is Upregulated in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment of HIV Infected Women: A Pilot Study.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- How Retroviruses and Retrotransposons in Our Genome May Contribute to Autoimmunity in Rheumatological Conditions.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Structural variation of centromeric endogenous retroviruses in human populations and their impact on cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Sézary syndrome, and HIV infection.BMC medical genomics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) comprise about 8% of the human genome and have lost their ability to replicate or to produce infectious particles after having accumulated mutations over time. We assessed the kinetics of expression of HERV-K (HML-2) Envelope mRNA transcript and surface unit (SU) and transmembrane (TM) subunit proteins during HIV-1 infection. We also mapped the specificity of the humoral response to HERV-K (HML-2) Envelope protein in HIV-1 infected subjects at different stages of disease, and correlated the response with plasma viral load.
resultsWe found that HIV-1 modified HERV-K (HML-2) Env mRNA expression, resulting in the expression of a fully N-glycosylated HERV-K (HML-2) envelope protein on the cell surface. Serological mapping of HERV-K (HML-2) envelope protein linear epitopes revealed two major immunogenic domains, one on SU and another on the ectodomain of TM. The titers of HERV-K (HML-2) TM antibodies were dramatically increased in HIV-1 infected subjects (p < 0.0001). HIV-1 infected adults who control HIV-1 in the absence of therapy ("elite" controllers) had a higher titer response against TM compared to antiretroviral-treated adults (p < 0.0001) and uninfected adults (p < 0.0001).
conclusionsThese data collectively suggest that HIV-1 infection induces fully glycosylated HERV-K (HML-2) envelope TM protein to which antibodies are induced. These anti-HERV-K (HML-2) TM antibodies are a potential marker of HIV-1 infection, and are at higher titer in elite controllers. HERV-K (HML-2) envelope TM protein may be a new therapeutic target in HIV-1 infection.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.