ReviewInfectious disease reports2013
Current Trends of HIV Recombination Worldwide.
Review in Infectious disease reports, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of different HIV-1 subtypes in sexual transmission in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2016Pooled it
- Genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Peruvian military personnel during one year of follow-upBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026Article
- Article
- Distinct Clusters of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Zhejiang, China: High-Risk Transmission Cluster 4 Requires Heightened Surveillance.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Hematological, Biochemical Profiles and Molecular Detection of Envelope Gene (gp-41) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among Newly Diagnosed Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Unassigned Complex Unique Recombinant Forms Related to CRF36_cpx in Children Identified in an HIV-1 Outbreak in Pakistan.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Article
- HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) and Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs) in Israel, 2010-2018.Viruses · 2022Article
- Characterization of HIV-1 molecular epidemiology and transmitted drug-resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Sichuan, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Evaluation of a Novel In-house HIV-1 Genotype Drug Resistance Assay using Clinical Samples in China.Current HIV research · 2022Article
- Cuban history of CRF19 recombinant subtype of HIV-1.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Increased Frequency of Inter-Subtype HIV-1 Recombinants Identified by Near Full-Length Virus Sequencing in Rwandan Acute Transmission Cohorts.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Genetic Diversity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Asymptomatic Blood Donors in Islamabad, Pakistan.Journal of laboratory physicians · 2020Article
- The S68G polymorphism is a compensatory mutation associated with the drug resistance mutation K65R in CRF01_AE strains.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- HIV-1 genotype diversity and distribution characteristics among heterosexually transmitted population in Jiangsu province, China.Virology journal · 2019Article
- VirGenA: a reference-based assembler for variable viral genomes.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2019Article
- Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV: a review of the achievements and challenges in Burkina-Faso.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Virus in Puerto Rico: Novel Cases of HIV-1 Subtype C, D, and CRF-24BG.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- HIV Resistance Prediction to Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Focus on Open Data.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Prevalence and clinical impacts of HIV-1 intersubtype recombinants in Uganda revealed by near-full-genome population and deep sequencing approaches.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- HIV-1 sequences in the epidemic suggest an alternative pathway for the generation of the Long Terminal Repeats.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One of the major characteristics of HIV-1 is its high genetic variability and extensive heterogeneity. This characteristic is due to its molecular traits, which in turn allows it to vary, recombine, and diversify at a high frequency. As such, it generates complex molecular forms, termed recombinants, which evade the human immune system and so survive. There is no sequence constraint to the recombination pattern as it appears to occur at inter-group (between groups M and O), as well as interand intra-subtype within group M. Rapid emergence and active global transmission of HIV-1 recombinants, known as circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and unique recombinant forms (URFs), requires urgent attention. To date, 55 CRFs have been reported around the world. The first CRF01_AE originated from Central Africa but spread widely in Asia. The most recent CRF; CRF55_01B is a recombinant form of CRF01_AE and subtype B, although its origin is yet to be publicly disclosed. HIV-1 recombination is an ongoing event and plays an indispensable role in HIV epidemics in different regions. Africa, Asia and South America are identified as recombination hot-spots. They are affected by continual emergence and cocirculation of newly emerging CRFs and URFs, which are now responsible for almost 20% of HIV-1 infections worldwide. Better understanding of recombinants is necessary to determine their biological and molecular attributes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.