ReviewInternational journal of women's health2014
Cesarean section in the People's Republic of China: current perspectives.
Review in International journal of women's health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03859258 (A Prospective Controlled Ultrasound Based Study For Niche Development In The Uterine Cesarean Section Scar With Hysteroscopic Correlation In Symptomatizing Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Controlled Ultrasound Based Study For Niche Development In The Uterine Cesarean Section Scar With Hysteroscopic Correlation In Symptomatizing Patients
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cesarean delivery on maternal request and common child health outcomes: A prospective cohort study in China.Journal of global health · 2022Trial
- Effect of a Text Messaging-Based Educational Intervention on Cesarean Section Rates Among Pregnant Women in China: Quasirandomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2020Trial
- Intravaginal Misoprostol for Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction in Nulliparous Women: A Double-blinded, Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.Chinese medical journal · 2015Trial
- Maternal and perinatal outcomes across China's one-child, two-child, and three-child policy periods: a retrospective cohort analysis of 43,439 deliveries.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- The mediating effects of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy between maternal advanced age, previous caesarean section and the risk of small- or large-for-gestational-age newborns: a multicentric prospective cohort study in southern China.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Doctors' experiences on dealing with informed consent required for lifesaving interventions for pregnant women in Somalia.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Trend of Cesarean Section Rates and Related Factors Among First-Time Mothers with Single Pregnancies in Zhejiang Province, China: Evidences from a Multi-Center Study.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- The Relationship between Early Exposure to General Anesthesia and Neurobehavioral Deficits.Developmental neuroscience · 2025Review
- Article
- Low-Value Surgical Procedures in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of obstetric infection after the Universal Two-Child Policy in North China: a 5-year retrospective study based on 268,311 cases.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- A retrospective analysis of maternal complications and newborn outcomes of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery in a single tertiary hospital in China.BMC anesthesiology · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and Pregnancy: A narrative review of maternal and perinatal outcomes.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2022Review
- The Inconsistency Between Women's Preference and Actual Mode of Delivery in China: Findings From a Prospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Early-term birth and its association with universal two-child policy: a national cross-sectional study in China.BMJ open · 2021Article
- The current practice of aspiration prophylaxis in obstetric anesthesia: a survey among non-physician anesthetic providers working in hospitals in Ethiopia.BMC anesthesiology · 2021Article
- Article
- Hukou-based rural-urban disparities in maternal health service utilization and delivery modes in two Chinese cities in Guangdong Province.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
- Anesthesia, sex and miscarriage history may influence the association between cesarean delivery and autism spectrum disorder.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Reasons for Increased Caesarean Section Rate in Vietnam: A Qualitative Study among Vietnamese Mothers and Health Care Professionals.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo review the current knowledge on the prevalence, reasons, and consequences of cesarean sections in the People's Republic of China.
methodsPeer-reviewed articles were systematically searched on PubMed. The following Chinese databases were comprehensively searched: the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and the VIP information. The databases were searched from inception to September 1, 2013. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts for eligibility. Full texts of eligible papers were reviewed, where relevant references were hand-searched and reviewed.
findingsSixty articles were included from PubMed, 17 articles were intentionally picked out from Chinese journals, and five additional articles were added, for a total of 82 articles for the analysis. With a current national rate near 40%, the literature consistently reported a rapid rise of cesarean sections in the People's Republic of China in the past decades, irrespective of where people lived or their socioeconomic standing. Nonclinical factors were considered as the main drivers fueling the rise of cesareans in the People's Republic of China. There was a lively debate on whether women's preferences or providers' distorted financial incentives affected the rise in cesarean sections. However, recent evidence suggests that it might be the People's Republic of China's health development approach - focusing on specialized care and marginalizing primary care - that is playing a role. Although 30 articles were identified studying the consequences of cesareans, the methodologies are in general weak and the themes are out of focus.
conclusionThe overuse of cesareans is rising alarmingly in the People's Republic of China and has become a real public health problem. No consensus has been made on the leverage factors that drive the cesarean epidemic, particularly for those nonclinical factors. The more macro level structural factors may have played a part, though further research is warranted to understand the mechanisms. Knowledge of the consequences of cesareans, particularly for women, is limited in the People's Republic of China, leaving a substantial literature gap.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.