ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2014
IL-21 promotes CD4 T cell responses by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent upregulation of CD86 on B cells.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delineation of the Human Germinal Centre Immune Landscape Using Multiplex Imaging Analysis.Immunology · 2025Article
- Deep profiling of B cells responding to various pathogens uncovers compartments in IgG memory B cell and antibody-secreting lineages.Science advances · 2025Article
- The effects of interleukin-21 in the biology of transplant rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- T-cell help in the germinal center: homing in on the role of IL-21.International immunology · 2024Article
- IL-21 shapes germinal center polarization via light zone B cell selection and cyclin D3 upregulation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Mechanism and therapeutic implications of pomalidomide-induced immune surface marker upregulation in EBV-positive lymphomas.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- B cell-intrinsic changes with age do not impact antibody-secreting cell formation but delay B cell participation in the germinal centre reaction.Aging cell · 2022Article
- An efficient immunoassay for the B cell help function of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD4Cell reports methods · 2022Article
- GPR174 signals via GProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- PI3K Isoforms in B Cells.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2022Article
- Lactobacillus plantarum surface-displayed ASFV (p54) with porcine IL-21 generally stimulates protective immune responses in mice.AMB Express · 2021Article
- Committed Human CD23-Negative Light-Zone Germinal Center B Cells Delineate Transcriptional Program Supporting Plasma Cell Differentiation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Pomalidomide restores immune recognition of primary effusion lymphoma through upregulation of ICAM-1 and B7-2.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Regulation of the germinal center and humoral immunity by interleukin-21.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Review
- Insulin-Reactive T Cells Convert Diabetogenic Insulin-Reactive VH125 B Cells Into Tolerogenic Cells by Reducing Germinal Center T:B Cell Interactions in NOD Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Activating mutations in PIK3CD disrupt the differentiation and function of human and murine CD4The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2019Article
- Enhancement of T Follicular Helper Cell-Mediated Humoral Immunity Reponses During Development of Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis.Neuroscience bulletin · 2019Article
- Germline-activating mutations inThe Journal of experimental medicine · 2018Article
- Dichotomous roles of co-stimulatory molecules in diabetes mellitus.Oncotarget · 2018Review
- Synaptic Interactions in Germinal Centers.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The cytokine IL-21 is a potent immune modulator with diverse mechanisms of action on multiple cell types. IL-21 is in clinical use to promote tumor rejection and is an emerging target for neutralization in the setting of autoimmunity. Despite its clinical potential, the biological actions of IL-21 are not yet fully understood and the full range of effects of this pleiotropic cytokine are still being uncovered. In this study, we identify a novel role for IL-21 as an inducer of the costimulatory ligand CD86 on B lymphocytes. CD86 provides critical signals through T cell-expressed CD28 that promote T cell activation in response to Ag engagement. Expression levels of CD86 are tightly regulated in vivo, being actively decreased by regulatory T cells and increased in response to pathogen-derived signals. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-21 can trigger potent and sustained CD86 upregulation through a STAT3 and PI3K-dependent mechanism. We show that elevated CD86 expression has functional consequences for the magnitude of CD4 T cell responses both in vitro and in vivo. These data pinpoint CD86 upregulation as an additional mechanism by which IL-21 can elicit immunomodulatory effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.