ArticleHuman molecular genetics2014
microRNA-224 regulates Pentraxin 3, a component of the humoral arm of innate immunity, in inner ear inflammation.
Article in Human molecular genetics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Overview of How Epigenetics, MicroRNA-21, and Endocrine Disrupting Compounds Affect Oocyte Maturation and Pre-Implantation Embryo Development.Journal of developmental biology · 2026Review
- Exosome and miRNA Content Engagement in the Physical Exercise Response: What Is Known to Date in Atheltic Horses?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Single-cell sequencing reveals PTX3 involvement in ovarian cancer metastasis.Journal of ovarian research · 2024Article
- Bile Acid Application in Cell-Targeting for Molecular Receptors in Relation to Hearing: A Comprehensive Review.Current drug targets · 2024Review
- Plasma Levels of mir-34a-5p Correlate with Systemic Inflammation and Low Naïve CD4 T Cells in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- The long and short: Non-coding RNAs in the mammalian inner ear.Hearing research · 2023Review
- Insights into the Relationship between Pentraxin-3 and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Pentraxin 3 regulated by miR-224-5p modulates macrophage reprogramming and exacerbates osteoarthritis associated synovitis by targeting CD32.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- A unique circulating miRNA profile highlights thrombo-inflammation in Behçet's syndrome.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2022Article
- Kinetics of changes in gene and microRNA expression related with muscle inflammation and protein degradation following LPS-challenge in weaned piglets.Innate immunity · 2021Article
- Article
- miR‑10b‑3p, miR‑8112 and let‑7j as potential biomarkers for autoimmune inner ear diseases.Molecular medicine reports · 2019Article
- The role of LINC00094/miR-224-5p (miR-497-5p)/Endophilin-1 axis in Memantine mediated protective effects on blood-brain barrier in AD microenvironment.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2019Article
- Review
- The microRNA-183/96/182 Cluster is Essential for Stereociliary Bundle Formation and Function of Cochlear Sensory Hair Cells.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Circulating miRNAs as Putative Biomarkers of Exercise Adaptation in Endurance Horses.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Article
- MicroRNAs: effective elements in ear-related diseases and hearing loss.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2017Review
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa GroEL Stimulates Production of PTX3 by Activating the NF-κB Pathway and Simultaneously Downregulating MicroRNA-9.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Association of microRNA 146 with middle ear hyperplasia in pediatric otitis media.International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology · 2016Article
- Importance of cochlear health for implant function.Hearing research · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of differentiation and development of inner ear cells. Mutations in miRNAs lead to deafness in humans and mice. Among inner ear pathologies, inflammation may lead to structural and neuronal defects and eventually to hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. While the genetic factors of these pathways have not been defined, autoimmunity participates in these processes. We report that inflammatory stimuli in the inner ear induce activation of the innate immune system via miR-224 and pentraxin 3 (Ptx3). miR-224 is a transcriptional target of nuclear factor κB, a key mediator of innate immunity. Ptx3 is a regulator of the immune response. It is released in response to inflammation and regulated by nuclear factor κB. We show that miR-224 and Ptx3 are expressed in the inner ear and we demonstrate that miR-224 targets Ptx3. As a model of the innate immune response, we injected lipopolysaccharide into the scala tympani of mouse inner ears. This resulted in changes in the levels of miR-224 and Ptx3, in addition to activation of the complement system, as measured by immune cell infiltration and activated C3. This suggests that while miR-224 regulates Ptx3 under normal conditions, upon inflammation, both are recruited to offer a front line of defense in acting as responders to inflammation in the inner ear. miR-224 diminishes the innate immune response by down-regulating Ptx3 expression, while Ptx3 stimulates the innate immune response. An understanding of the molecular components of the inflammatory pathway may help develop therapeutics for reducing inflammation associated with inner ear injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.