ArticleArthritis care & research2014
25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiovascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: data from a large international inception cohort.
Article in Arthritis care & research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum Vitamin D Levels in Relation to Hypertension and Pre-hypertension in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- A Pilot Study to Determine if Vitamin D Repletion Improves Endothelial Function in Lupus Patients.The American journal of the medical sciences · 2015Trial
- Review
- Vitamin D as an Immune Modulator in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Exploratory Study in Western Mexico.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Antimalarials exert a cardioprotective effect in lupus patients: Insights from the Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Register (RELESSER) analysis of factors associated with heart failure.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2022Article
- Vitamin D in Lupus Patients of Childbearing Age: Are We Doing Enough?Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Review
- High Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D in Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients and Its Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2022Article
- Lower vitamin D is associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in systemic lupus: data from an international inception cohort.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Cutaneous lupus erythematosus and cardiovascular disease: current knowledge and insights into pathogenesis.Clinical rheumatology · 2021Review
- Antiphospholipid syndrome.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Vitamin D and connective tissue diseases.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2020Review
- Calcium and vitamin D supplement intake may increase arterial stiffness in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.Clinical rheumatology · 2019Article
- Impact of Circulating Triglycerides Concentration on Atherosclerotic Disease Status in Middle-Aged Saudi Arabian Dwellers.Nutrients · 2018Article
- The Impact of Vitamin D on the Immunopathophysiology, Disease Activity, and Extra-Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus: far beyond Th1/Th2 dualism lupus: cytokine profiles.Immunology and cell biology · 2017Article
- The effect of vitamin D on disease activity, fatigue and interferon signature gene expression in systemic lupus erythematosus.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2017Review
- Topics on vitamin D in systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of evidence and critical literature review.Immunologic research · 2017Review
- Association between ischemic heart disease and systemic lupus erythematosus-a large case-control study.Immunologic research · 2017Article
- Vitamin D treatment for connective tissue diseases: hope beyond the hype?Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 20 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAn association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D; vitamin D) deficiency and increased cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and CV disease (CVD) has been shown in general population studies. Vitamin D deficiency has been noted in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and CVD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE. The objectives of this study were to estimate the associations of 25(OH)D levels with CV risk factors and to determine whether low baseline 25(OH)D levels predict future CV events in patients participating in an international inception cohort.
methodsData were collected on 890 participants, including demographics, SLE activity and damage assessments, CV risk factors and events, medications, laboratory assessments of 25(OH)D levels, and inflammatory markers. Multiple logistic and Cox regressions were used to estimate the associations of baseline 25(OH)D levels with baseline CV risk factors and CVD events. The models were adjusted for age, sex, race, season, and country, with and without body mass index.
resultsPatients in the higher quartiles of 25(OH)D were less likely to have hypertension and hyperlipidemia and were more likely to have lower C-reactive protein levels and lower Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 scores at baseline when compared with the first quartile. Vitamin D levels were not independently associated with CVD event incidence; however, hazard ratios for CVD event incidence decreased with successively higher quartiles.
conclusionLower baseline 25(OH)D levels are associated with higher risk for CV risk factors and more active SLE at baseline. There may be a trend toward a lower likelihood of CVD events in those with higher baseline 25(OH)D levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.