ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
C-terminal region of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is required for efficient class switch recombination and gene conversion.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- AID self-assembly and multistranded DNA binding drive synapsis in class switch recombination.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- RNA 2'-O-methylation promotes persistent R-loop formation and AID-mediated IgH class switch recombination.BMC biology · 2024Article
- BRD2 promotes antibody class switch recombination by facilitating DNA repair in collaboration with NIPBL.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- XLID syndrome gene Med12 promotes Ig isotype switching through chromatin modification and enhancer RNA regulation.Science advances · 2022Article
- C-terminal deletion-induced condensation sequesters AID from IgH targets in immunodeficiency.The EMBO journal · 2022Article
- Functional requirements of AID's higher order structures and their interaction with RNA-binding proteins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Efficient AID targeting of switch regions is not sufficient for optimal class switch recombination.Nature communications · 2015Article
- Identification of DNA cleavage- and recombination-specific hnRNP cofactors for activation-induced cytidine deaminase.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- An inherited immunoglobulin class-switch recombination deficiency associated with a defect in the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2015Article
- Individual substitution mutations in the AID C terminus that ablate IgH class switch recombination.PloS one · 2015Article
- IgH chain class switch recombination: mechanism and regulation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Review
- Mismatch repair proteins and AID activity are required for the dominant negative function of C-terminally deleted AID in class switching.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Article
- Activation induced deaminase C-terminal domain links DNA breaks to end protection and repair during class switch recombination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) introduces single-strand breaks (SSBs) to initiate class switch recombination (CSR), gene conversion (GC), and somatic hypermutation (SHM). CSR is mediated by double-strand breaks (DSBs) at donor and acceptor switch (S) regions, followed by pairing of DSB ends in two S regions and their joining. Because AID mutations at its C-terminal region drastically impair CSR but retain its DNA cleavage and SHM activity, the C-terminal region of AID likely is required for the recombination step after the DNA cleavage. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the recombination junctions generated by AID C-terminal mutants and found that 0- to 3-bp microhomology junctions are relatively less abundant, possibly reflecting the defects of the classical nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ). Consistently, the accumulation of C-NHEJ factors such as Ku80 and XRCC4 was decreased at the cleaved S region. In contrast, an SSB-binding protein, poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase1, was recruited more abundantly, suggesting a defect in conversion from SSB to DSB. In addition, recruitment of critical DNA synapse factors such as 53BP1, DNA PKcs, and UNG at the S region was reduced during CSR. Furthermore, the chromosome conformation capture assay revealed that DNA synapse formation is impaired drastically in the AID C-terminal mutants. Interestingly, these mutants showed relative reduction in GC compared with SHM in chicken DT40 cells. Collectively, our data indicate that the C-terminal region of AID is required for efficient generation of DSB in CSR and GC and thus for the subsequent pairing of cleaved DNA ends during recombination in CSR.
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