ReviewThe journal of headache and pain2014
The methodology of population surveys of headache prevalence, burden and cost: principles and recommendations from the Global Campaign against Headache.
Review in The journal of headache and pain, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 207 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is migraine a spectrum disorder? Questioning the concept of "episodic" and "chronic" migraine using population-based data from 10,226 adults with migraine from 14 countries.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Pooled it
- Over 600 million people aged 18-65 will have headache tomorrow: global 1-day prevalence and recall bias from a meta-analysis of individual participant data (N = 38,512) from the general populations of 15 countries.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Pooled it
- Global, regional, and national burden of headache disorders, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.The Lancet. Neurology · 2025Pooled it
- The global prevalence of headache disorders of public-health importance: a meta-analysis of population-based individual participant data from 41,614 adults from 17 countries.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Pooled it
- Validation studies on migraine diagnostic tools for use in nonclinical settings: a systematic review.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2023Pooled it
- A bibliometric analysis and visualization of tension-type headache.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Migraine and Suicidal Ideation.The Clinical journal of pain · 2017Pooled it
- Fraud in a population-based study of headache: prevention, detection and correction.The journal of headache and pain · 2014Trial
- Headache disorders and the Global Burden of Disease study: deficiencies, challenges and opportunities for betterment.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Headache among children and adolescents in Benin: revised prevalence estimates, and estimates of attributed burden, from a national schools-based study.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Headache among children and adolescents in Zambia: revised prevalence estimates, and estimates of attributed burden, from a national schools-based study.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- What's Needed for a Migraine Cost-Of-Illness Study in Aotearoa New Zealand: Review of Data Sources and Gaps.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2026Review
- Real-world evidence on migraine treatment in routine clinical practice: insights from the Türkiye migraine registry study using artificial intelligence algorithms.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Observational
- Methodology of a population-based survey of headache disorders among adults in Latvia.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- The prevalence of headache disorders among children and adolescents in Georgia: a cross-sectional schools-based study.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Prevalence of headache disorders in Norway: results from the population based PopHEAD study.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- The prevalence of headache disorders in children and adolescents in Nepal: a schools-based cross-sectional study.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Direct cost of headache treatment in Benin, a West African country, in 2023.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Adjustment to the learning environment among university students who are deaf or hard of hearing.The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir Kommunikasieafwykings · 2025Article
- Hallmarks of primary headache: part 2- Tension-type headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 11 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The global burden of headache is very large, but knowledge of it is far from complete and needs still to be gathered. Published population-based studies have used variable methodology, which has influenced findings and made comparisons difficult. Among the initiatives of the Global Campaign against Headache to improve and standardize methods in use for cross-sectional studies, the most important is the production of consensus-based methodological guidelines. This report describes the development of detailed principles and recommendations. For this purpose we brought together an expert consensus group to include experience and competence in headache epidemiology and/or epidemiology in general and drawn from all six WHO world regions. The recommendations presented are for anyone, of whatever background, with interests in designing, performing, understanding or assessing studies that measure or describe the burden of headache in populations. While aimed principally at researchers whose main interests are in the field of headache, they should also be useful, at least in parts, to those who are expert in public health or epidemiology and wish to extend their interest into the field of headache disorders. Most of all, these recommendations seek to encourage collaborations between specialists in headache disorders and epidemiologists. The focus is on migraine, tension-type headache and medication-overuse headache, but they are not intended to be exclusive to these. The burdens arising from secondary headaches are, in the majority of cases, more correctly attributed to the underlying disorders. Nevertheless, the principles outlined here are relevant for epidemiological studies on secondary headaches, provided that adequate definitions can be not only given but also applied in questionnaires or other survey instruments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.