ArticlePaediatric anaesthesia2014
The association between brain injury, perioperative anesthetic exposure, and 12-month neurodevelopmental outcomes after neonatal cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Paediatric anaesthesia, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05673499 (International Study of Cerebral Oxygenation and Electrical Activity During Major Neonatal Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 78 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
International Study of Cerebral Oxygenation and Electrical Activity During Major Neonatal Surgery
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surgical and postoperative management of congenital heart disease: a systematic review of observational studies.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Paediatric brain MRI findings following congenital heart surgery: a systematic review.Archives of disease in childhood · 2022Pooled it
- Anesthetic Exposure During Childhood and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- General anesthesia in children and long-term neurodevelopmental deficits: A systematic review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Developmental outcomes after early surgery for complex congenital heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Neuromonitoring and neuroprotection during neonatal aortic arch surgery: A United Kingdom and Ireland survey.Perfusion · 2026Article
- Continuous EEG monitoring after neonatal cardiac surgery: seizure incidence and prognostic background abnormalities.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Ultra-fast-track extubation is associated with reduced EEG abnormalities and improved early outcomes after pediatric cardiac surgery: a propensity score-matched cohort study.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Prenatal maternal psychological distress is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in toddlers with congenital heart disease.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Association of Material Hardship and Clinical Outcomes in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Values of General Anesthetics: From Developmental Neurotoxicity to Neurotherapeutic Agents.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Sedative medications: a potentially modifiable risk factor for improving neurocognitive outcomes after critical illness in infants and children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Addressing Survivorship Bias in Neurocognitive Outcomes After Early Complex Cardiac Surgery Using Clustering and Propensity Scores.CJC pediatric and congenital heart disease · 2025Article
- Continuous Electroencephalogram (cEEG) Findings and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) at 12-24 Months of Age.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Disruption of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Partially Mediates Neonatal Isoflurane Anesthesia-Induced Changes in Dendritic Spines and Cognitive Function in Juvenile Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Implementation and Strategy in Developmental Care Practice in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease in Intensive Care Unit: Scoping Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Review
- Revisiting the Role of Balloon Atrial Septostomy Prior to the Arterial Switch Operation.World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery · 2024Article
- Reply to C.T. Matava et al.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Article
- Association between subcortical nuclei volume changes and cognition in preschool-aged children with tetralogy of Fallot after corrective surgery: a cross-sectional study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Executive Function in Preschool Children with Congenital Heart Disease and Controls: The Role of a Cognitively Stimulating Home Environment.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdverse neurodevelopmental outcomes are observed in up to 50% of infants after complex cardiac surgery. We sought to determine the association of perioperative anesthetic exposure with neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 12 months in neonates undergoing complex cardiac surgery and to determine the effect of brain injury determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
methodsRetrospective cohort study of neonates undergoing complex cardiac surgery who had preoperative and 7-day postoperative brain MRI and 12-month neurodevelopmental testing with Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). Doses of volatile anesthetics (VAA), benzodiazepines, and opioids were determined during the first 12 months of life.
resultsFrom a database of 97 infants, 59 met inclusion criteria. Mean ± sd composite standard scores were as follows: cognitive = 102.1 ± 13.3, language = 87.8 ± 12.5, and motor = 89.6 ± 14.1. After forward stepwise multivariable analysis, new postoperative MRI injury (P = 0.039) and higher VAA exposure (P = 0.028) were associated with lower cognitive scores. ICU length of stay (independent of brain injury) was associated with lower performance on all categories of the Bayley-III (P < 0.02).
conclusionsAfter adjustment for multiple relevant covariates, we demonstrated an association between VAA exposure, brain injury, ICU length of stay, and lower neurodevelopmental outcome scores at 12 months of age. These findings support the need for further studies to identify potential modifiable factors in the perioperative care of neonates with CHD to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.