ArticlePloS one2014
Resurgence of persisting non-cultivable Borrelia burgdorferi following antibiotic treatment in mice.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02446626 (Xenodiagnosis After Antibiotic Treatment for Lyme Disease - Phase II Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Xenodiagnosis After Antibiotic Treatment for Lyme Disease - Phase II Study
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Xenodiagnosis to Search for Borrelia burgdorferi After Antibiotic Treatment of Lyme Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Trial
- Vectors Are Not Just Culture Vessels.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- A high-resolution screen identifies a preexisting beta-lactam that specifically treats Lyme disease in mice.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial cyclic peptides effectively inhibit multiple forms of Borrelia and cross the blood-brain barrier model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Lyme disease periprosthetic joint infection.BMJ case reports · 2025Article
- A pilot study of disulfiram for individuals with persistent symptoms despite prior antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Evidence for the Presence ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Article
- Suppression of host humoral immunity byInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Current and emerging approaches for eliminatingFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors mitigate the neuropathogenicity ofFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Concurrent Infection of the Human Brain with MultipleInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Superior efficacy of combination antibiotic therapy versus monotherapy in a mouse model of Lyme disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- The Effectiveness of Microdosed Psilocybin in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Lyme Disease: A Case Study.International medical case reports journal · 2023Article
- Lyme disease and the pursuit of a clinical cure.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Persistent Borrelia burgdorferiClinical microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- Persistent Symptoms After Treatment of Lyme Disease.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Review
- Does Dementia Have a Microbial Cause?NeuroSci · 2022Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The agent of Lyme borreliosis, Borrelia burgdorferi, evades host immunity and establishes persistent infections in its varied mammalian hosts. This persistent biology may pose challenges to effective antibiotic treatment. Experimental studies in dogs, mice, and non-human primates have found persistence of B. burgdorferi DNA following treatment with a variety of antibiotics, but persisting spirochetes are non-cultivable. Persistence of B. burgdorferi DNA has been documented in humans following treatment, but the significance remains unknown. The present study utilized a ceftriaxone treatment regimen in the C3H mouse model that resulted in persistence of non-cultivable B. burgdorferi in order to determine their long-term fate, and to examine their effects on the host. Results confirmed previous studies, in which B. burgdorferi could not be cultured from tissues, but low copy numbers of B. burgdorferi flaB DNA were detectable in tissues at 2, 4 and 8 months after completion of treatment, and the rate of PCR-positive tissues appeared to progressively decline over time. However, there was resurgence of spirochete flaB DNA in multiple tissues at 12 months, with flaB DNA copy levels nearly equivalent to those found in saline-treated mice. Despite the continued non-cultivable state, RNA transcription of multiple B. burgdorferi genes was detected in host tissues, flaB DNA was acquired by xenodiagnostic ticks, and spirochetal forms could be visualized within ticks and mouse tissues by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. A number of host cytokines were up- or down-regulated in tissues of both saline- and antibiotic-treated mice in the absence of histopathology, indicating host response to the presence of non-cultivable, despite the lack of inflammation in tissues.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.