SynthesisPloS one2014
Risk factors for chronic and recurrent otitis media-a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dysregulation of immune response in otitis media.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Amino Acid Formula Containing Synbiotics in Infants with Cow's Milk Protein Allergy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Environmental Risk Factors and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Correlation between cow's milk protein allergy and otitis media: a systematic review.Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngologyPooled it
- Incidence and Determinants of Ventilation Tubes in Denmark.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Determinants of quality of life among patients with chronic otitis media: a multivariable analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- A Call for Screening: Hearing Loss and Chronic Otitis Media in Immigrants to Sweden.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
- The incidence and severity of paediatric cholesteatomas in relation to socioeconomic deprivation.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Bacterial agents of otitis media and their antibiotic resistance profile: a retrospective clinical presentation at St. Dominic Hospital, Akwatia, Ghana.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Observational
- Evaluating the Need for Pre-CoMiSS™, a Parent-Specific Cow's Milk-Related Symptom Score: A Qualitative Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- A spot review on relations between socioeconomic aspect and clinical recurrence of cholesteatoma.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- A treatment-focused approach to medical investigations for hearing loss in infants.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2025Review
- Serum Levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and Vitamin D: Their Correlation with Acute Otitis Media in Short-Stature Pediatric Patients.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Identification of rare missense variants in the BSN gene co-segregating with chronic otitis media in a consanguineous Pakistani family.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Risk Factors for Chronic and Recurrent Otitis Media in Children: A Review Article.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2024Article
- Co-occurrence of otitis media with effusion and another environment-dependent disease (selected allergic conditions).Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2024Article
- Health effects associated with exposure to secondhand smoke: a Burden of Proof study.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Burden of diseases attributable to second-hand smoke exposure in Iran adolescents from 2009 to 2020.Scientific reports · 2023Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Risk factors associated with chronic otitis media (COM) and recurrent otitis media (ROM) have been investigated in previous studies. The objective of this study was to integrate the findings and determine the possible risk factors for COM/ROM based on our meta-analysis. A comprehensive search of electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang database) from 1964 to Dec 2012, as well as a manual search of references of articles, was performed. A total of 2971 articles were searched, and 198 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility; 24 studies were eligible for this meta-analysis. Regarding risk factors for COM/ROM, there were two to nine different studies from which the odds ratios (ORs) could be pooled. The presence of allergy or atopy increased the risk of COM/ROM (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.13-1.64; P = 0.001). An upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) significantly increased the risk of COM/ROM (OR, 6.59; 95% CI, 3.13-13.89; P<0.00001). Snoring appeared to be a significant risk factor for COM/ROM (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.78-2.16; P<0.00001). A patient history of acute otitis media (AOM)/ROM increased the risk of COM/ROM (OR, 11.13; 95% CI, 1.06-116.44; P = 0.04). Passive smoke significantly increased the risk of COM/ROM (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.02-1.89 P = 0.04). Low social status appeared to be a risk factor for COM/ROM (OR, 3.82; 95% CI, 1.11-13.15; P = 0.03). Our meta-analysis identified reliable conclusions that allergy/atopy, URTI, snoring, previous history of AOM/ROM, Second-hand smoke and low social status are important risk factors for COM/ROM. Other unidentified risk factors need to be identified in further studies with critical criteria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.