SynthesisPloS one2014
Age-dependent prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae before conjugate vaccine introduction: a prediction model based on a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Immunogenicity of a single-dose compared with a two-dose primary series followed by a booster dose of ten-valent or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in South African children: an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- Probiotics and carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Danish children, a double-blind randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Post hoc analysis of a randomized double-blind trial of the correlation of functional and binding antibody responses elicited by 13-valent and 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and association with nasopharyngeal colonization.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Trial
- Indirect Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Pneumococcal Colonization: Persistence and Dynamics of Vaccine Serotypes in Sicily (Italy) 11 Years Postintroduction, 2009-2020.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Asthma is associated with increasedEuropean clinical respiratory journal · 2025Review
- Association of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Pneumococcal Carriage, and Respiratory Viral Infections Among Children in France.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Household fuel use and its association with potential respiratory pathogens among healthy mothers and children in Ethiopia.PloS one · 2022Article
- The Role of Neutrophils and Neutrophil Elastase in Pneumococcal Pneumonia.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Article
- Article
- Unraveling the seasonal epidemiology of pneumococcus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Limited indirect effects of an infant pneumococcal vaccination program in an aging population.PloS one · 2019Article
- Decreased relative risk of pneumococcal pneumonia during the last decade, a nested case-control study.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2018Article
- Predicting the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine programme options in Vietnam.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Article
- Bacterial infections in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia: Comparison with cystic fibrosis.Chronic respiratory disease · 2017Review
- Pneumococcal Colonization in the Familial Context and Implications for Anti-Pneumococcal Immunization in Adults: Results from the BINOCOLO Project in Sicily.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- Pyruvate oxidase of Streptococcus pneumoniae contributes to pneumolysin release.BMC microbiology · 2016Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Disrupts the Microbial Community within the Upper Respiratory Tract of Aging Mice.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae oropharyngeal colonization in school-age children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Impact of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionData on the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of S.pneumoniae in all age groups are important to help predict the impact of introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) into routine infant immunization, given the important indirect effect of the vaccine. Yet most carriage studies are limited to children under five years of age. We here explore the association between carriage prevalence and serotype distribution in children aged ≥5 years and in adults compared to children.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies providing carriage estimates across age groups in healthy populations not previously exposed to PCV, using MEDLINE and Embase. We used Bayesian linear meta-regression models to predict the overall carriage prevalence as well as the prevalence and distribution of vaccine and nonvaccine type (VT and NVT) serotypes in older age groups as a function of that in <5 y olds.
resultsTwenty-nine studies compromising of 20,391 individuals were included in the analysis. In all studies nasopharyngeal carriage decreased with increasing age. We found a strong positive linear association between the carriage prevalence in pre-school childen (<5 y) and both that in school aged children (5-17 y olds) and in adults. The proportion of VT serotypes isolated from carriers was consistently lower in older age groups and on average about 73% that of children <5 y among 5-17 y olds and adults respectively. We provide a prediction model to infer the carriage prevalence and serotype distribution in 5-17 y olds and adults as a function of that in children <5 years of age.
conclusionSuch predictions are helpful for assessing the potential population-wide effects of vaccination programmes, e.g. via transmission models, and thus assist in the design of future pneumococcal conjugate vaccination strategies.
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