ArticlePloS one2014
Socio-demographic inequalities in the prevalence, diagnosis and management of hypertension in India: analysis of nationally-representative survey data.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and trends of hypertension among South Asian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Pooled it
- Predictors of Control Status of Hypertension in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Unmet needs for hypertension care cascade in older adults and socioeconomic disparities: evidence from five national cohorts.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Effect of a community-based intervention for cardiovascular risk factor control on stroke mortality in rural Gadchiroli, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.Wellcome open research · 2026Article
- Mediating pathways between area-level deprivation and hypertension in Nepal: the role of nutritional status, food insecurity, and health behaviors.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequality for hypertension among reproductive age women aged 15-49 from five Sub-Saharan Africa countries: A decomposition analysis of DHS Data.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Why is there a gap in self-rated health among people with hypertension in Zambia? A decomposition of determinants and rural‒urban differences.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed hypertension among women aged 15-49 years in India: an analysis of National Family Health Survey-4 data.Journal of human hypertension · 2024Article
- Obesity and hypertension from a public health perspective in a small remote island of Okinawa, Japan.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2023Article
- The risk of hypertension among child brides and adolescent mothers at age 20 s, 30 s, and 40 s: Evidence from India.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Article
- Sociodemographic and geographic inequalities in diagnosis and treatment of older adults' chronic conditions in India: a nationally representative population-based study.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Comparing socio-economic inequalities in self-reported and undiagnosed hypertension among adults 45 years and over in India: what explains these inequalities?International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in the burden of hypertension among Indonesian adults - a multilevel analysis.Global health action · 2022Article
- Decomposing socioeconomic inequality in blood pressure and blood glucose testing: evidence from four districts in Kerala, India.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- Geospatial epidemiology of hypertension and its risk factors in India: Findings from National Family Health Survey (2015-2016).Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- The burden of risk factors for non-communicable disease in rural Bihar, India: a comparative study with national health surveys.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Gender difference in prevalence of hypertension among Indians across various age-groups: a report from multiple nationally representative samples.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Examining sex disparity in the association of waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and BMI with hypertension among older adults in India.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension: evidence from the PERSIAN cohort study.BMC public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHypertension is a major contributing factor to the current epidemic of cardiovascular disease in India. Small studies suggest high, and increasing, prevalence especially in urban areas, with poor detection and management, but national data has been lacking. The aim of the current study was to use nationally-representative survey data to examine socio-demographic inequalities in the prevalence, diagnosis and management of hypertension in Indian adults.
methodsUsing data on self-reported diagnosis and treatment, and blood pressure measurement, collected from 12,198 respondents aged 18+ in the 2007 WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health in India, factors associated with prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension were investigated.
results22% men and 26% women had hypertension; prevalence increased steeply with body mass index (<18.5 kg/m(2): 18% men, 21% women; 25-29.9 kg/m(2): 35% men, 35% women), was higher in the least poor vs. poorest (men: odds ratio (95%CI) 1.82 (1.20 to 2.76); women: 1.40 (1.08 to 1.81)), urban vs. rural men (1.64 (1.19 to 2.25)), and men recently vs. never using alcohol (1.96 (1.40 to 2.76)). Over half the hypertension in women, and 70% in men, was undetected with particularly poor detection rates in young urban men, and in poorer households. Two-thirds of men and women with detected hypertension were treated. Two-thirds of women treated had their hypertension controlled, irrespective of urban/rural setting or wealth. Adequate blood pressure control was sub-optimal in urban men.
conclusionHypertension is very common in India, even among underweight adults and those of lower socioeconomic position. Improved detection is needed to reduce the burden of disease attributable to hypertension. Levels of treatment and control are relatively good, particularly in women, although urban men require more careful attention.
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