ArticlePloS one2014
Blood vessels pattern heparan sulfate gradients between their apical and basolateral aspects.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Delivery technologies for therapeutic targeting of fibronectin in autoimmunity and fibrosis applications.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- Vascular Heparan Sulfate and Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's Disease Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Novel therapies and innovation for systemic sclerosis skin ulceration.Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology · 2022Review
- 3'UTR shortening of HAS2 promotes hyaluronan hyper-synthesis and bioenergetic dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2022Article
- Role of extracellular matrix proteoglycans in immune cell recruitment.International journal of experimental pathology · 2022Review
- Heparan Sulfate, Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB and Sulfur Metabolism Disorders.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Visualizing murine breast and melanoma tumor microenvironment using intravital multiphoton microscopy.STAR protocols · 2021Article
- The spatio-temporal control of effector T cell migration.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2021Review
- L-selectin regulates human neutrophil transendothelial migration.Journal of cell science · 2021Article
- Shape and Function of Interstitial Chemokine CCL21 Gradients Are Independent of Heparan Sulfates Produced by Lymphatic Endothelium.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Prion protein glycans reduce intracerebral fibril formation and spongiosis in prion disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Rosetting revisited: a critical look at the evidence for host erythrocyte receptors inParasitology · 2020Review
- Structural Insights Into How Proteoglycans Determine Chemokine-CXCR1/CXCR2 Interactions: Progress and Challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Targeting Chemokine-Glycosaminoglycan Interactions to Inhibit Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Concepts of GPCR-controlled navigation in the immune system.Immunological reviews · 2019Review
- Syndecans and Enzymes for Heparan Sulfate Biosynthesis and Modification Differentially Correlate With Presence of Inflammatory Infiltrate in Periodontitis.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Article
- L-selectin: A Major Regulator of Leukocyte Adhesion, Migration and Signaling.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A hallmark of immune cell trafficking is directional guidance via gradients of soluble or surface bound chemokines. Vascular endothelial cells produce, transport and deposit either their own chemokines or chemokines produced by the underlying stroma. Endothelial heparan sulfate (HS) was suggested to be a critical scaffold for these chemokine pools, but it is unclear how steep chemokine gradients are sustained between the lumenal and ablumenal aspects of blood vessels. Addressing this question by semi-quantitative immunostaining of HS moieties around blood vessels with a pan anti-HS IgM mAb, we found a striking HS enrichment in the basal lamina of resting and inflamed post capillary skin venules, as well as in high endothelial venules (HEVs) of lymph nodes. Staining of skin vessels with a glycocalyx probe further suggested that their lumenal glycocalyx contains much lower HS density than their basolateral extracellular matrix (ECM). This polarized HS pattern was observed also in isolated resting and inflamed microvascular dermal cells. Notably, progressive skin inflammation resulted in massive ECM deposition and in further HS enrichment around skin post capillary venules and their associated pericytes. Inflammation-dependent HS enrichment was not compromised in mice deficient in the main HS degrading enzyme, heparanase. Our results suggest that the blood vasculature patterns steep gradients of HS scaffolds between their lumenal and basolateral endothelial aspects, and that inflammatory processes can further enrich the HS content nearby inflamed vessels. We propose that chemokine gradients between the lumenal and ablumenal sides of vessels could be favored by these sharp HS scaffold gradients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.