ArticlePloS one2014
Nasopharyngeal carriage and transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae in American Indian households after a decade of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Upper airways colonisation of Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults aged 60 years and older: A systematic review of prevalence and individual participant data meta-analysis of risk factors.The Journal of infection · 2020Pooled it
- Single priming and booster dose of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation in children in South Africa: a single-centre, open-label, randomised trial.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2023Trial
- Assessing the effect of social contact structure on the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Identification of age-group reservoirs for persistent vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage in rural Gambia.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
- Article
- A dynamic transmission model for assessing the impact of pneumococcal vaccination in the United States.PloS one · 2025Article
- Surveillance and phylogenetic analysis of a pathogenic bacterium candidate in nasal discharge from children.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Contact with young children is a major risk factor for pneumococcal colonization in older adults.FEMS microbes · 2024Article
- Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Pneumococcus in Children in England up to 10 Years After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction: Persistence of Serotypes 3 and 19A and Emergence of 7C.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Distribution of Serotypes Causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children From High-Income Countries and the Impact of Pediatric Pneumococcal Vaccination.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Interaction of the viral infectious agents in the development and exacerbation of the multiple sclerosis.Le infezioni in medicina · 2023Review
- Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in health care professionals at a tertiary university pediatric hospital.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2022Article
- Association of pneumococcal carriage in infants with the risk of carriage among their contacts in Nha Trang, Vietnam: A nested cross-sectional survey.PLoS medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Naturally acquired antibodies against 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Indigenous and non-Indigenous adults.PloS one · 2022Article
- A Tn-seq Screen of Streptococcus pneumoniae Uncovers DNA Repair as the Major Pathway for Desiccation Tolerance and Transmission.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Bacterial composition of nasal discharge in children based on highly accurate 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Carriage Dynamics of Pneumococcal Serotypes in Naturally Colonized Infants in a Rural African Setting During the First Year of Life.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Article
- Global emergence and population dynamics of divergent serotype 3 CC180 pneumococci.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundYoung children played a major role in pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage, acquisition, and transmission in the era before pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) use. Few studies document pneumococcal household dynamics in the routine-PCV7 era.
methodsWe investigated age-specific acquisition, household introduction, carriage clearance, and intra-household transmission in a prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in 300 American Indian households comprising 1,072 participants between March 2006 and March 2008.
resultsPneumococcal acquisition rates were 2-6 times higher in children than adults. More household introductions of new pneumococcal strains were attributable to children <9 years than adults ≥17 years (p<0.001), and older children (2-8 years) than younger children (<2 years) (p<0.008). Compared to children <2 years, carriage clearance was more rapid in older children (2-4 years, HRclearance 1.53 [95% CI: 1.22, 1.91]; 5-8 years, HRclearance 1.71 [1.36, 2.15]) and adults (HRclearance 1.75 [1.16, 2.64]). Exposure to serotype-specific carriage in older children (2-8 years) most consistently increased the odds of subsequently acquiring that serotype for other household members.
conclusionsIn this community with a high burden of pneumococcal colonization and disease and routine PCV7 use, children (particularly older children 2-8 years) drive intra-household pneumococcal transmission: first, by acquiring, introducing, and harboring pneumococcus within the household, and then by transmitting acquired serotypes more efficiently than household members of other ages.
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