ArticleNature nanotechnology2014
Bacillus spores as building blocks for stimuli-responsive materials and nanogenerators.
Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sensor development based on stimuli-responsive materials for biomedical applications.iScience · 2026Review
- Gradients of Aliveness and Engineering: A Taxonomy of Fungal Engineered Living Materials.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Discrete Actuation of Water-Responsive Crystalline Metal-Peptide Frameworks.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Evapolectrics: Direct Harvesting of Electricity from Evaporation Using Thermoelectrics.ACS nano · 2025Article
- A responsive living material prepared by diffusion reveals extracellular enzyme activity of cyanobacteria.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- A Paper-Based Wearable Moist-Electric Generator for Sustained High-Efficiency Power Output and Enhanced Moisture Capture.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2024Article
- Macroscopic Assembly of Materials with Engineered Bacterial Spores via Coiled-Coil Interaction.ACS synthetic biology · 2024Article
- The role of water mobility on water-responsive actuation of silk.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Research Progress on Moisture-Sorption Actuators Materials.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Structure-Dependent Water Responsiveness of Protein Block Copolymers.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- Harvesting Energy from Changes in Relative Humidity Using Nanoscale Water Capillary Bridges.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2023Article
- Hydration solids.Nature · 2023Article
- Article
- Biohybrid materials: Structure design and biomedical applications.Materials today. Bio · 2022Article
- Engineered Living Hydrogels.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2022Review
- High Energy and Power Density Peptidoglycan Muscles through Super-Viscous Nanoconfined Water.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Engineering living and regenerative fungal-bacterial biocomposite structures.Nature materials · 2022Article
- Digital printing of shape-morphing natural materials.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Advances in engineeredSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2021Review
- Mechanistic insights of evaporation-induced actuation in supramolecular crystals.Nature materials · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Materials that respond mechanically to external chemical stimuli have applications in biomedical devices, adaptive architectural systems, robotics and energy harvesting. Inspired by biological systems, stimuli-responsive materials have been created that can oscillate, transport fluid, provide homeostasis and undergo complex changes in shape. However, the effectiveness of synthetic stimuli-responsive materials in generating work is limited when compared with mechanical actuators. Here, we show that the mechanical response of Bacillus spores to water gradients exhibits an energy density of more than 10 MJ m(-3), which is two orders of magnitude higher than synthetic water-responsive materials. We also identified mutations that can approximately double the energy density of the spores and found that they can self-assemble into dense, submicrometre-thick monolayers on substrates such as silicon microcantilevers and elastomer sheets, creating bio-hybrid hygromorph actuators. To illustrate the potential applications of the spores, we used them to build an energy-harvesting device that can remotely generate electrical power from an evaporating body of water.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.