ArticleBone2014
Microgravity control of autophagy modulates osteoclastogenesis.
Article in Bone, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of microgravity on reproductive systems: Implications for space biology and human health.iScience · 2026Review
- Effects of microgravity mechanotransduction in bone tissue and cells: systematic review on primary cilium-dependent mechanisms.NPJ microgravity · 2026Article
- Melanoregulin Deficiency Affects Bone Maintenance and Lean Body Mass.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Aging and Altered Gravity: A Cellular Perspective.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- Oxidative Damage Under Microgravity Conditions: Response Mechanisms, Monitoring Methods and Countermeasures on Somatic and Germ Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of pyroptosis in modulating osteoblast function under simulated microgravity.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Mechanical protein polycystin-1 directly regulates osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.Science bulletin · 2024Article
- Restrained Mitf-associated autophagy by Mulberroside A ameliorates osteoclastogenesis and counteracts OVX-Induced osteoporosis in mice.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy in Bone Metabolism.Function (Oxford, England) · 2024Review
- Apoptotic vesicle-mediated senolytics requires mechanical loading.Theranostics · 2024Article
- Oligodendrocyte Progenitors Display Enhanced Proliferation and Autophagy after Space Flight.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- The effects of microgravity on bone structure and function.NPJ microgravity · 2022Review
- Orthodontic loading activates cell-specific autophagy in a force-dependent manner.American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics · 2022Article
- Autophagy in Bone Remodeling: A Regulator of Oxidative Stress.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Protective Effects of Estrogen via Nanoparticle Delivery to Attenuate Myelin Loss and Neuronal Death after Spinal Cord Injury.Neurochemical research · 2021Article
- Roles of autophagy in orthodontic tooth movement.American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics · 2021Article
- Spaceflight affects neuronal morphology and alters transcellular degradation of neuronal debris in adultiScience · 2021Article
- Nox4 Promotes RANKL-Induced Autophagy and Osteoclastogenesis via Activating ROS/PERK/eIF-2α/ATF4 Pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Role of Apoptosis in Wound Healing and Apoptosis Alterations in Microgravity.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Simulated microgravity reduces proliferation and reorganizes the cytoskeleton of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.Physiological research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Evidence indicates that astronauts experience significant bone loss during space mission. Recently, we used the NASA developed rotary cell culture system (RCCS) to simulate microgravity (μXg) conditions and demonstrated increased osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow cultures. Autophagy is a cellular recycling process of nutrients. Therefore, we hypothesize that μXg control of autophagy modulates osteoclastogenesis. Real-time PCR analysis of total RNA isolated from mouse bone marrow derived non-adherent cells subjected to modeled μXg showed a significant increase in autophagic marker Atg5, LC3 and Atg16L mRNA expression compared to ground based control (Xg) cultures. Western blot analysis of total cell lysates identified an 8.0-fold and 7.0-fold increase in the Atg5 and LC3-II expression, respectively. Confocal microscopy demonstrated an increased autophagosome formation in μXg subjected RAW 264.7 preosteoclast cells. RT(2) profiler PCR array screening for autophagy related genes identified that μXg upregulates intracellular signaling molecules associated with autophagy, autophagosome components and inflammatory cytokines/growth factors which coregulate autophagy in RAW 264.7 preosteoclast cells. Autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) treatment of mouse bone marrow derived non-adherent mononuclear cells showed a significant decrease in μXg induced Atg5 and LC3 mRNA expression in the presence or absence of RANK ligand (RANKL) stimulation. Furthermore, RANKL treatment significantly increased (8-fold) p-CREB transcription factor levels under μXg as compared to Xg cultures and 3-MA inhibited RANKL increased p-CREB expression in these cells. Also, 3-MA suppresses μXg elevated osteoclast differentiation in mouse bone marrow cultures. Thus, our results suggest that μXg induced autophagy plays an important role in enhanced osteoclast differentiation and could be a potential therapeutic target to prevent bone loss in astronauts during space flight missions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.