ArticleThe Lancet. Respiratory medicine2013
Human infection with avian influenza A H6N1 virus: an epidemiological analysis.
Article in The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers.
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129 citing papers in PubMed, 219 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel emerging reassortant H6 avian influenza viruses with internal genes from G57 genotype of H9N2 pose potential zoonotic risk.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- A nanobody-based proteolysis-targeting chimera offers broad-spectrum protection against diverse influenza virus infections.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Identifying host-specific patterns in viral protein sequences to predict host spillover risk in animal and plant kingdoms.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Characterization and Genetic Evolution of H6N2 Subtype AIV Isolates from Aquatic Birds.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- A Novel Recombinant Chicken-Derived H6N8 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus Caused Disease in Chickens and Mice.Viruses · 2025Article
- Characterization of emerging H3N3 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Origin, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of a human isolated influenza A(H10N3) virus from China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Development of a multiplex and universal RT-PCR assay for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtyping of avian influenza virus.Journal of veterinary science · 2025Article
- Viral factors underlying the pandemic potential of influenza viruses.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Article
- Evaluation of Commercial RNA Extraction Protocols for Avian Influenza Virus Using Nanopore Metagenomic Sequencing.Viruses · 2024Article
- Exploring Potential Intermediates in the Cross-Species Transmission of Influenza A Virus to Humans.Viruses · 2024Review
- Genetic and virological characteristics of a reassortant avian influenza A H6N1 virus isolated from wild birds at a live-bird market in Egypt.Archives of virology · 2024Article
- Wild Bird-Origin H6N2 Influenza Virus Acquires Enhanced Pathogenicity after Single Passage in Mice.Viruses · 2024Article
- One-Health Challenge in H9N2 Avian Influenza: Novel Human-Avian Reassortment Virus in Guangdong Province, China.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Cross-species infection potential of avian influenza H13 viruses isolated from wild aquatic birds to poultry and mammals.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Global distribution, receptor binding, and cross-species transmission of H6 influenza viruses: risks and implications for humans.Journal of virology · 2023Review
- The SUMO-interacting motif in NS2 promotes adaptation of avian influenza virus to mammals.Science advances · 2023Article
- Review
- Evidence that HA-G228S and PB2-D153V mutations upon viral growth of H3N8 influenza virus are associated with severe pathogenesis in human infections.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAvian influenza A H6N1 virus is one of the most common viruses isolated from wild and domestic avian species, but human infection with this virus has not been previously reported. We report the clinical presentation, contact, and environmental investigations of a patient infected with this virus, and assess the origin and genetic characteristics of the isolated virus.
methodsA 20-year-old woman with an influenza-like illness presented to a hospital with shortness of breath in May, 2013. An unsubtyped influenza A virus was isolated from her throat-swab specimen and was transferred to the Taiwan Centres for Disease Control (CDC) for identification. The medical records were reviewed to assess the clinical presentation. We did a contact and environmental investigation and collected clinical specimens from the case and symptomatic contacts to test for influenza virus. The genomic sequences of the isolated virus were determined and characterised.
findingsThe unsubtyped influenza A virus was identified as the H6N1 subtype, based on sequences of the genes encoding haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. The source of infection was not established. Sequence analyses showed that this human isolate was highly homologous to chicken H6N1 viruses in Taiwan and had been generated through interclade reassortment. Notably, the virus had a G228S substitution in the haemagglutinin protein that might increase its affinity for the human α2-6 linked sialic acid receptor.
interpretationThis is the first report of human infection with a wild avian influenza A H6N1 virus. A unique clade of H6N1 viruses with a G228S substitution of haemagglutinin have circulated persistently in poultry in Taiwan. These viruses continue to evolve and accumulate changes, increasing the potential risk of human-to-human transmission. Our report highlights the continuous need for preparedness for a pandemic of unpredictable and complex avian influenza.
fundingTaiwan Centres for Disease Control.
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