ReviewThe Lancet. Respiratory medicine2013
Childhood pneumonia in developing countries.
Review in The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- The ability of non-physician health workers to identify chest indrawing to detect pneumonia in children below five years of age in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Vaccine-Preventable Disease Incidence Based on Clinically, Radiologically, and Etiologically Confirmed Outcomes: Systematic Literature Review and Re-analysis of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Efficacy Trials.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Pooled it
- Antibiotics for preventing suppurative complications from undifferentiated acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Oxygen systems and quality of care for children with pneumonia, malaria and diarrhoea: Analysis of a stepped-wedge trial in Nigeria.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Pediatric in-Hospital Death from Infectious Disease in Uganda: Derivation of Clinical Prediction Models.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Spatiotemporal modeling of Under-Five Pneumonia (U-5P) risk in Ghana using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations, 2018-2022.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Treatment practices and outcomes of chest indrawing pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months in primary health facilities of Kamuli District, Eastern Uganda.Journal of global health · 2026Observational
- Trends in acute respiratory infection and associated factors among under-5 children in Ethiopia.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Pneumonia incidence and determinants in South Punjab, Pakistan (2016-2020): a spatial epidemiological study at Tehsil-level.International journal of health geographics · 2025Article
- Baicalin inhibits LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation in WI- 38 cells by promoting FOXA2/TRIM27 Interaction: Implications for pediatric pneumonia mechanisms.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- A 5-transcript signature for discriminating viral and bacterial etiology in pediatric pneumonia.iScience · 2025Article
- Association between lactate-to-albumin ratio and 28-day ICU mortality in pediatric severe pneumonia patients.PloS one · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of pediatric pneumonia: a retrospective study.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
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- Factors associated with acute respiratory infection and healthcare-seeking behaviour among primary caregivers in Bangladesh: a study based on MICS 2019.BMJ public health · 2024Article
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- High-flow nasal oxygen in infants and children for early respiratory management of pneumonia-induced acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: the CENTURI randomized clinical trial.Intensive care medicine. Paediatric and neonatal · 2024Article
- Diagnosis and detection of pneumonia using weak-label based on X-ray images: a multi-center study.BMC medical imaging · 2023Article
- Circulating markers of neutrophil activation and lung injury in pediatric pneumonia in low-resource settings.Pathogens and global health · 2023Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pneumonia is a widespread and common infectious lung disease that causes inflammation, which can lead to reduced oxygenation, shortness of breath, and death. An estimated nearly 1.2 million children younger than 5 years died in 2011 from pneumonia. Most of these deaths occured in developing countries where access to care is limited and interventions that have improved care in developed countries are scarce. Despite substantial increases in our understanding of the clinical syndrome of pneumonia and its aetiologies, its accurate diagnosis is challenging when clinical indicators are relied on, and improves only modestly with addition of laboratory, microbiological, or radiographical tests. Prevention programmes and treatment guidelines have led to impressive reductions in disease, but children remain at risk of misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment. Research to address challenges in the aetiological diagnosis of pneumonia and widespread implementation of treatment interventions beyond vaccines and antibiotics are necessary to mitigate the burden of pneumonia and improve child survival.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.