ReviewBritish journal of pharmacology2014
Measuring midkine: the utility of midkine as a biomarker in cancer and other diseases.
Review in British journal of pharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Serum Midkine, estimated glomerular filtration rate and chronic kidney disease-related events in elderly women: Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging Women.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Serum Midkine as a Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment Response and Prognostication.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Article
- Targeting MDK alleviates bone loss via dual regulation of osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory cytokine expression.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- MDK Activates the PI3K/AKT Axis to Induce AP2A1 Expression and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- Midkine (MDK) as a central regulator of the tumor microenvironment: From developmental cytokine to therapeutic target.Cancer letters · 2026Review
- Direct Relationship Between Heparin Binding to Midkine and Pleiotrophin and the Development of Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Premenopausal serum midkine levels and risk of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer: a prospective, nested case-control study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Multi-Component Analysis of Protein- and DNA-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy with Interdigitated Electrode Sensors.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Single-cell stemness analysis highlights Midkine-LRP1 pathway and identifies new bladder cancer subtypes.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- The Discovery and Characterization of HBS-101, a Novel Inhibitor of Midkine, as a Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2025Article
- Midkine Expression as a Candidate Biomarker to Predict the Recurrence of Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma.JTO clinical and research reports · 2025Article
- Novel cardiac biomarkers and multiple-marker approach in the early detection, prognosis, and risk stratification of cardiac diseases.World journal of cardiology · 2025Review
- Midkine Promotes Tumor Growth and Attenuates the Effect of Cisplatin in Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- EGFRvIII-positive glioblastoma contributes to immune escape and malignant progression via the c-Fos-MDK-LRP1 axis.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Midkine (MDK) in cancer and drug resistance: from inflammation to therapy.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Significance of Midkine Signaling in Women's Cancers: Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Serum midkine level and its association with subclinical coronary artery calcification and carotid atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Ugonin P mitigates osteolytic bone metastasis by suppressing MDK via upregulating miR-223-3p expression.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a pleiotropic growth factor prominently expressed during embryogenesis but down-regulated to neglible levels in healthy adults. Many published studies have demonstrated striking MK overexpression compared with healthy controls in various pathologies, including ischaemia, inflammation, autoimmunity and, most notably, in many cancers. MK expression is detectable in biopsies of diseased, but not healthy, tissues. Significantly, because it is a soluble cytokine, elevated MK is readily apparent in the blood and other body fluids such as urine and CSF, making MK a relatively convenient, accessible, non-invasive and inexpensive biomarker for population screening and early disease detection. The first diagnostic tests that quantify MK are just now receiving regulatory clearance and entering the clinic. This review examines the current state of knowledge pertaining to MK as a biomarker and highlights promising indications and clinical settings where measuring MK could make a difference to patient treatment. I also raise outstanding questions about reported variants of MK as well as MK's bio-distribution in vivo. Answering these questions in future studies will enhance our understanding of the significance of measured MK levels in both patients and healthy subjects, and may reveal further opportunities for measuring MK to diagnose disease. MK has already proven to be a biomarker that can significantly improve detection, management and treatment of cancer, and there is significant promise for developing further MK-based diagnostics in the future.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.