ArticlePsychopharmacology2014
Residual effects of zopiclone 7.5 mg on highway driving performance in insomnia patients and healthy controls: a placebo controlled crossover study.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Guideline for evaluating the effects of psychotropic drugs on motor vehicle driving performance in Japan: A tiered approach for the assessment of clinically meaningful driving impairment.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2024Guideline
- Driving Performance Under Treatment of Most Frequently Prescribed Drugs for Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review of Patient Studies.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Driving performance in the morning after bedtime vornorexant administration: A randomized clinical trial using a driving simulator.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Trial
- Residual next-day effects of alprazolam on psychomotor performance and simulated driving in healthy normal adults.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Residual effects of zopiclone on driving performance using a standardized driving simulator among healthy volunteers.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- The efficacy and safety of zolpidem and zopiclone to treat insomnia in Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Validity and reliability of a driving simulator for evaluating the influence of medicinal drugs on driving performance.Psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Comparing the effects of oxazepam and diazepam in actual highway driving and neurocognitive test performance: a validation study.Psychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- On-the-road driving performance the morning after bedtime use of suvorexant 15 and 30 mg in healthy elderly.Psychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Zolpidem in Healthy Volunteers: Covariate Contributions to Variability in CNS Responses.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Evaluating and Determining the Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on Motor Vehicle Driving Performance: Key Considerations of the Japanese Guideline and Criteria for Clinical Implementation of Evidence.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Review
- A scoping review of motor vehicle operator performance assessments for benzodiazepine receptor agonists.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Effects of new hypnotic drugs on cognition: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Sleep medicine: X · 2023Review
- Pharmacotherapeutic management of insomnia and effects on sleep processes, neural plasticity, and brain systems modulating stress: A narrative review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Orexin dual receptor antagonists, zolpidem, zopiclone, eszopiclone, and cognitive research: A comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Review
- Article
- Insomnia in the Elderly: A Review.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleResidual effects of hypnotics on driving performance have been mainly determined in studies using a standardized driving test with healthy good sleepers. Responses to effects may differ, however, between insomniacs and healthy volunteers due to the underlying sleep disorder. In addition, a majority of insomniacs uses hypnotics chronically resulting in the development of tolerance to impairing effects. Impaired driving performance in healthy volunteers may then be an overestimation of the actual effects in insomniacs.
objectivesThe present study aims to compare the residual effects of zopiclone 7.5 mg on on-the-road driving performance of 16 middle-aged insomniacs chronically using hypnotics (chronic users), 16 middle-aged insomniacs not or infrequently using hypnotics (infrequent users), and 16 healthy, age matched, good sleepers (controls).
methodsThe study was conducted according to a 3 × 2 double-blind, placebo controlled crossover design, with three groups and two treatment conditions. Treatments were single oral doses of zopiclone 7.5 mg and placebo administered at bedtime (2330 hours). Between 10 and 11 h after administration subjects performed a standardized highway driving test.
resultsZopiclone 7.5 mg significantly impaired on-the-road driving performance in both insomnia groups and healthy controls. The magnitude of impairment was significantly less in the chronic users group as compared with the controls.
conclusionsThe smaller magnitude of effects suggests that investigating residual effects of hypnotics in healthy volunteers may yield a minor overestimation of the actual effects in insomnia patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.