SynthesisClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2014
Lower pill burden and once-daily antiretroviral treatment regimens for HIV infection: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02596334 (Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Dolutegravir Monotherapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 183 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Dolutegravir Monotherapy (Tivicay®) Versus the Maintenance of a Successful Triple Therapy Using Abacavir + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir (Triumeq®) in HIV-1- Infected Patients
Who cites it
183 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 348 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of INSTI-Based Antiretroviral Therapy Single- Versus Multiple-Tablet Regimens for the Treatment of HIV.Advances in therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV - CDC Recommendations, United States, 2025.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2025Guideline
- Psychosocial interventions enhance HIV medication adherence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of health psychology · 2020Pooled it
- Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV-1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life.HIV medicine · 2018Guideline
- Patient-Reported Barriers to Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PLoS medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of Studies Comparing Single and Multi-Tablet Fixed Dose Combination HIV Treatment Regimens.Medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Association between antiretroviral therapy adherence and employment status: systematic review and meta-analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2015Pooled it
- Depression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in low-, middle- and high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2014Pooled it
- Optimizing Antiretroviral Therapy in Treatment-Experienced Patients Living with HIV: A Critical Review of Switch and Simplification Strategies. An Opinion of the HIV Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CarePooled it
- Switching to Daily Doravirine/Islatravir (100/0.25 mg) Maintains Viral Suppression Through Week 48 Despite Baseline Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance-Associated Mutations or M184I/V in Proviral DNA.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Virologic Outcomes With Lenacapavir in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Multicenter Real-World Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Participant-reported Outcomes from the CAPELLA Clinical Trial of Lenacapavir-based Regimens in Heavily Treatment-experienced Adults with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Daily Bictegravir Plus Lenacapavir From a Complex HIV Treatment Regimen: A Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Phase 2 Study (ARTISTRY-1).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF Bioequivalence Comparing Whole Tablets with Tablets Dissolved in Tap Water.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Trial
- Bioavailability of dissolved and crushed single tablets of bictegravir, emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide in healthy adults: the SOLUBIC randomized crossover study.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Trial
- Trial
- START (Supporting Treatment Adherence Readiness through Training) Improves Both HIV Antiretroviral Adherence and Viral Reduction, and is Cost Effective: Results of a Multi-site Randomized Controlled Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2021Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of cabotegravir and rilpivirine in cerebrospinal fluid following long-acting injectable administration in HIV-infected adults.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2020Trial
123 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundContemporary antiretroviral treatment regimens are simpler than in the past, with lower pill burden and once-daily dosing frequency common. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the impact of pill burden and once-daily vs twice-daily dosing on ART adherence and virological outcomes.
methodsA literature search of 4 electronic databases through 31 March 2013 was used. RCTs comparing once-daily vs twice-daily ART regimens that also reported on adherence and virological suppression were included. Study design, study population characteristics, intervention, outcome measures, and study quality were extracted. Study quality was rated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.
resultsNineteen studies met our inclusion criteria (N = 6312 adult patients). Higher pill burden was associated with both lower adherence rates (P = .004) and worse virological suppression (P < .0001) in both once-daily and twice-daily subgroups, although the association with adherence in the once-daily subgroup was not statistically significant. The average adherence was modestly higher in once-daily regimens than twice-daily regimens (weighted mean difference = 2.55%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 3.87; P = .0002). Patients on once-daily regimens did not achieve virological suppression more frequently than patients on twice-daily regimens (relative risk [RR] = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.03; P = .50). Both adherence and viral load suppression decreased over time, but adherence decreased less with once-daily dosing than with twice-daily dosing.
conclusionsLower pill burden was associated with both better adherence and virological suppression. Adherence, but not virological suppression, was slightly better with once- vs twice-daily regimens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.