ArticleArthritis research & therapy2014
High mechanical strain of primary intervertebral disc cells promotes secretion of inflammatory factors associated with disc degeneration and pain.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autogenic mesenchymal stem cells for intervertebral disc regeneration.International orthopaedics · 2019Pooled it
- Technical insights and implications of thoracolumbar spine and neural tissue harvesting in recently deceased organ donors: a direct anterior approach integrated into multi-organ procurement protocols.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Raloxifene injections normalize age-related mechanical sensitization in female and male mice and augment intervertebral disc structure in old female mice.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2026Article
- Beyond miRNA Cargo Profiles: Anti-Inflammatory Roles of Extracellular Vesicle-Enriched miRNAs Derived From Human Intervertebral Disc Cells Unveiled by Functional Testing.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Hydrogels Targeting Mechanical-biological signaling transitions of interleukin-33 alleviates intervertebral-disc degeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Blood and lymphatic vascular remodeling in intervertebral disc degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Etiology, diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc degeneration: a focus on the mechanism of action of Piezo1 and research perspectives.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Mechanobiology of intervertebral disc degeneration: From pathological mechanisms to therapeutic approaches.Mechanobiology in medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Injury Induces More Severe Biomechanical Changes in Middle-Aged and Geriatric Lumbar Spines in a Mouse Ex Vivo Model.JOR spine · 2025Article
- Exosome Therapy: A Promising Avenue for Treating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2025Review
- An overview of mechanical microenvironment and mechanotransduction in intervertebral disc degeneration.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Bioactive Therapies for Degenerative Disc Disease: Microenvironmental Foundations of Disease.World neurosurgery · 2025Review
- Parallel Networks to Predict TIMP and Protease Cell Activity of Nucleus Pulposus Cells Exposed and Not Exposed to Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines.JOR spine · 2025Article
- Targeting skeletal interoception: a novel mechanistic insight into intervertebral disc degeneration and pain management.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Review
- The proteomic landscape of extracellular vesicles derived from human intervertebral disc cells.JOR spine · 2024Article
- pH: A major player in degenerative intervertebral disks.JOR spine · 2024Review
- The development, use, and challenges of electromechanical tissue stimulation systems.Artificial organs · 2024Review
- Diverse and multifunctional roles for perlecan (JOR spine · 2024Review
- Clinical outcomes of fenestration discectomy and iLESSYS-Delta interlaminar endoscopic system for treatment of LDH: a single-center retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionExcessive mechanical loading of intervertebral discs (IVDs) is thought to alter matrix properties and influence disc cell metabolism, contributing to degenerative disc disease and development of discogenic pain. However, little is known about how mechanical strain induces these changes. This study investigated the cellular and molecular changes as well as which inflammatory receptors and cytokines were upregulated in human intervertebral disc cells exposed to high mechanical strain (HMS) at low frequency. The impact of these metabolic changes on neuronal differentiation was also explored to determine a role in the development of disc degeneration and discogenic pain.
methodsIsolated human annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were exposed to HMS (20% cyclical stretch at 0.001 Hz) on high-extension silicone rubber dishes coupled to a mechanical stretching apparatus and compared to static control cultures. Gene expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), neuronal growth factor (NGF) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) was assessed. Collected conditioned media were analysed for cytokine content and applied to rat pheocromocytoma PC12 cells for neuronal differentiation assessment.
resultsHMS caused upregulation of TLR2, TLR4, NGF and TNFα gene expression in IVD cells. Medium from HMS cultures contained elevated levels of growth-related oncogene, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-15, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), MCP-3, monokine induced by γ interferon, transforming growth factor β1, TNFα and NGF. Exposure of PC12 cells to HMS-conditioned media resulted in both increased neurite sprouting and cell death.
conclusionsHMS culture of IVD cells in vitro drives cytokine and inflammatory responses associated with degenerative disc disease and low-back pain. This study provides evidence for a direct link between cellular strain, secretory factors, neoinnervation and potential degeneration and discogenic pain in vivo.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.