ArticleBMC women's health2014
Reproductive factors, intima media thickness and carotid plaques in a cross-sectional study of postmenopausal women enrolled in the population-based KORA F4 study.
Article in BMC women's health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ferritin and transferrin predict common carotid intima-media thickness in females: a machine-learning informed individual participant data meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Age at menarche and risk of premature coronary artery disease: results from Iran premature coronary disease (IPAD) study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- Body Mass Index and Hypertension as Mediators of the Association Between Age at Menarche and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: A Sex-Specific Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Association between Usual Dietary Intake of Food Groups and DNA Methylation and Effect Modification by Metabotype in the KORA FF4 Cohort.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Polish Nurses.Metabolites · 2021Article
- Puberty timing and markers of cardiovascular structure and function at 25 years: a prospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2021Article
- Early age at menarche and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors: mediation by body composition in adulthood.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Parity and carotid atherosclerosis in elderly Chinese women.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2020Article
- Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in non-menopausal and postmenopausal inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China.BMC endocrine disorders · 2019Article
- Women's Reproductive History and Pre-Clinical Peripheral Arterial Disease in Late Life: The San Diego Population Study.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2019Article
- The relationship between pubertal timing and markers of vascular and cardiac structure and function in men and women aged 60-64 years.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Menopause Characteristics, Total Reproductive Years, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Chinese Women.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2017Article
- Timing of menarche related to carotid artery intima-media thickness in black and white young adult women: the Bogalusa Heart Study.Annals of epidemiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundReproductive events may affect the onset of chronic diseases. We examined the possible association between reproductive parameters and intima media thickness (IMT) or carotid plaques in the common carotid artery in a population-based sample.
methodsThis cross-sectional study analysed data of 800 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 81 years of the population-based KORA F4 study, conducted between 2006 and 2008 in Southern Germany. Reproductive parameters were obtained by standardised interviews.
resultsAge at menarche below 12 years compared to 12-15 years was significantly associated with carotid plaques (age-adjusted OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.13-4.43, p-value 0.018, multivariable adjusted 2.11, 1.05-4.26, 0.037), but not with IMT. Ever use of hormone replacement therapy was inversely associated with carotid plaques (age-adjusted 0.60, 0.44-0.81, p = 0.001, multivariable-adjusted 0.62, 0.45-0.86, 0.003) and IMT in the age-adjusted model (mean 0.89, 95% CI 0.88-0.90, p = 0.033) but not in the multivariable-adjusted model (mean 0.89, 95% CI 0.88-0.90, p = 0.075). Parity, age at menopause, time since menopause, duration of fertile period, current use of hormone replacement therapy, ever use of oral contraceptives, hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, hot flashes and depressive mood in relation to the menopausal transition were not associated with carotid plaques or IMT.
conclusionOur study showed, that there may be an independent association between the reproductive parameters age at menarche and ever use of hormone replacement therapy with carotid plaques in the common carotid artery, but not with IMT. Further research, especially in studies with prospective population-based study design, is necessary to assess in detail what events in women's life lead to increased IMT or CP.
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