ArticleBMC women's health2014
Smoking- and alcohol habits in relation to the clinical picture of women with microscopic colitis compared to controls.
Article in BMC women's health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microscopic colitis found together with celiac disease in a female population is associated with one episode of lymphocytic colitis.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- A Literature Review of Microscopic Colitis.Cureus · 2024Review
- Microscopic colitis: an update.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2022Review
- Alcohol Consumption is Associated With An Increased Risk of Microscopic Colitis: Results From 2 Prospective US Cohort Studies.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2022Article
- Insights into the underlying mechanisms and clinical management of microscopic colitis in relation to other gastrointestinal disorders.Gastroenterology report · 2022Review
- European guidelines on microscopic colitis: United European Gastroenterology and European Microscopic Colitis Group statements and recommendations.United European gastroenterology journal · 2021Article
- Patients With Microscopic Colitis Have Altered Levels of Inhibitory and Stimulatory Biomarkers in Colon Biopsies and Sera Compared to Non-inflamed Controls.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Editorial: The Dark Side of Microscopic Colitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Haplotype Does Not Influence the Inflammatory Pattern of Duodenal Lymphocytosis Linked to Irritable Bowel Syndrome.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2020Article
- Single-centre experience with anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment in budesonide-refractory microscopic colitis patients.United European gastroenterology journal · 2019Article
- Smoking is Associated with an Increased Risk of Microscopic Colitis: Results From Two Large Prospective Cohort Studies of US Women.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2018Article
- Microscopic Colitis: A Review of Collagenous and Lymphocytic Colitis.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2017Article
- The association between the intake of specific dietary components and lifestyle factors and microscopic colitis.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2016Article
- Diagnosis and treatment of microscopic colitis.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2016Review
- New insights and challenges in microscopic colitis.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMicroscopic colitis (MC) induces gastrointestinal symptoms, which are partly overlapping with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), predominately in middle-aged and elderly women. The etiology is unknown, but association with smoking has been found. The aim of this study was to examine whether the increased risk for smokers to develop MC is a true association, or rather the result of confounding factors. Therefore, patients suffering from MC and population-based controls from the same geographic area were studied regarding smoking- and alcohol habits, and other simultaneous, lifestyle factors, concerning the clinical expression of the disease.
methodsWomen at the age of 73 years or younger, who had been treated for biopsy-verified MC at any of the Departments of Gastroenterology in Skåne, between 2002 and 2010, were invited to the study (240 patients). Women (737) from the population-based prospective cohort study, Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS), served as controls. A self-administered questionnaire about lifestyle factors, gastrointestinal symptoms, medical conditions and medication at the time for the study was sent by post.
resultsAltogether, 131 women with MC could be included after age-matching with controls (median age 56 years) and exclusion of secondary MC. Patients were divided into persistent MC (MC1) and transient MC (MC2). Past smoking was associated with increased risk to develop MC2 (OR = 2.67, 95 CI = 1.15-6.23), whereas current smoking was associated with increased risk to develop MC1 (OR = 3.18, 95 CI = 1.57-6.42). Concomitant symptoms of IBS were associated with smoking (OR = 4.24, 95 CI = 1.92-9.32). Alcohol drinking had no association with MC or IBS.
conclusionsThe results suggest that past smoking is associated with transient MC, whereas current smoking is associated with persistent MC. Smoking is associated with MC patients with concomitant IBS-like symptoms.
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