ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2014
Increase in TGF-β secreting CD4⁺CD25⁺ FOXP3⁺ T regulatory cells in anergic lepromatous leprosy patients.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- An update on leprosy immunopathogenesis: systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- miRNome Expression Analysis Reveals New Players on Leprosy Immune Physiopathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- A single-cell V(D)J sequencing dataset of peripheral blood cells in multibacillary leprosy.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Th17 and T Regulatory Cytokines in Serum, Lesional Skin, and Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Culture Supernatants from Type 1 Leprosy Reaction Patients.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Dr. Indira Nath: Innovator in Leprosy Immunology and a Beacon of Scientific Excellence.Cureus · 2024Review
- Differential expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) on various immune cells and its role in human leprosy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Dihydroartemisinin beneficially regulates splenic immune cell heterogeneity through the SOD3-JNK-AP-1 axis.Science China. Life sciences · 2022Article
- Regulatory T cells in erythema nodosum leprosum maintain anti-inflammatory function.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Modulation of the Response toFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Leptin Deficiency May Influence the Divergence of Cell-Mediated Immunity Between Lepromatous and Tuberculoid Leprosy Patients.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
- Downmodulation of Regulatory T Cells Producing TGF-β Participates in Pathogenesis of Leprosy Reactions.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Association of CD209 (DC-SIGN) rs735240 SNV with paucibacillary leprosy in the Brazilian population and its functional effects.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2022Article
- Observational
- Genetics of Host Protection againstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Elevated IL-6R on CD4Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Association of IL-10 Gene Polymorphism With IL-10 Secretion by CD4 and T Regulatory Cells in Human Leprosy.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Advances in the Immunology and Genetics of Leprosy.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Analysis of the rs2476601 polymorphism of PTPN22 in Mexican mestizo patients with leprosy.Biomedical reports · 2019Article
- Polymorphisms in the TGFB1 and IL2RA genes are associated with clinical forms of leprosy in Brazilian population.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2018Article
- Regulatory T cells antagonize proinflammatory response of IL-17 during cutaneous tuberculosis.Journal of inflammation research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLepromatous leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae is associated with antigen specific T cell unresponsiveness/anergy whose underlying mechanisms are not fully defined. We investigated the role of CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells in both skin lesions and M.leprae stimulated PBMC cultures of 28 each of freshly diagnosed patients with borderline tuberculoid (BT) and lepromatous leprosy (LL) as well as 7 healthy household contacts of leprosy patients and 4 normal skin samples. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE
findingsQuantitative reverse transcribed PCR (qPCR), immuno-histochemistry/flowcytometry and ELISA were used respectively for gene expression, phenotype characterization and cytokine levels in PBMC culture supernatants. Both skin lesions as well as in vitro antigen stimulated PBMC showed increased percentage/mean fluorescence intensity of cells and higher gene expression for FOXP3(+), TGF-β in lepromatous (p<0.01) as compared to tuberculoid leprosy patients. CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T cells (Tregs) were increased in unstimulated basal cultures (p<0.0003) and showed further increase in in vitro antigen but not mitogen (phytohemaglutinin) stimulated PBMC (iTreg) in lepromatous as compared to tuberculoid leprosy patients (p<0.002). iTregs of lepromatous patients showed intracellular TGF-β which was further confirmed by increase in TGF-β in culture supernatants (p<0.003). Furthermore, TGF-β in iTreg cells was associated with phosphorylation of STAT5A. TGF-β was seen in CD25(+) cells of the CD4(+) but not that of CD8(+) T cell lineage in leprosy patients. iTregs did not show intracellular IFN-γ or IL-17 in lepromatous leprosy patients. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results indicate that FOXP3(+) iTregs with TGF-β may down regulate T cell responses leading to the antigen specific anergy associated with lepromatous leprosy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.