ReviewMediators of inflammation2013
S100A8 and S100A9: DAMPs at the crossroads between innate immunity, traditional risk factors, and cardiovascular disease.
Review in Mediators of inflammation, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 166 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
166 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 264 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanism-informed diagnostic accuracy of blood biomarkers for sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a systematic review and Bayesian diagnostic network meta-analysis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Circulating Levels of Calprotectin as a Biomarker in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical cardiology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of 660 nm & 808 nm photo-biomodulation on S100A8/A9 in symptomatic pulpitis: a randomized controlled trial.Lasers in medical science · 2026Trial
- N-Formyl Methionine Peptide-Mediated Neutrophil Activation in Systemic Sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Upregulation of S100A8/A9 Potentiates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury via MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.Advances in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- CKD disrupts cardiac energy metabolism and aggravates cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysfunction post-infarction.Cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- S100A8/S100A9 released by CD11bExperimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic insights into the co-occurring psychological symptoms and cardiovascular risks among military service members and veterans with mild traumatic brain injury: A LIMBIC-CENC study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Activation of the S100A8/A9 Alarmin Amplifies Inflammatory Pathways in Equine Ascending Placentitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Decreased adipokine CTRP4 in CAD patients: CTRP4 attenuates atherosclerosis via inhibition of RAGE and TLR4.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Calprotectin Levels in HIV-Infected Patients: Correlations With Disease Progression and Intestinal Inflammation.AIDS research and treatment · 2026Article
- The S100A8/A9-NETosis feedback loop in sepsis: potential mechanisms, immune crosstalk, and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- PeripheralParkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Protrichocysts: a hybrid defense extrusive organelle bridging mechanical projection and chemical secretion in ciliates.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
- Targeting S100A8/A9: a molecular gateway to oral inflammation, microglial activation and neuroinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrative single-cell and spatial transcriptome analysis reveals the functions of TREM2Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Article
- Adipocyte death promotes hepatic infiltration of S100A8+ macrophages and steatotic liver disease progression in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Infant Viability in Severe Preeclampsia: Management Strategies and the Potential Role of Calprotectin-A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exploring the Relevance of S100A8 and S100A9 Proteins in Preeclampsia: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
106 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Amplification of innate immune responses by endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) promotes inflammation. The involvement of S100A8 and S100A9, DAMPs belonging to the S100 calgranulin family, in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is attracting an increasing amount of interest. S100A8 and S100A9 (also termed MRP8 and MRP14) preferentially form the S100A8/A9 heterodimer (MRP8/14 or calprotectin) and are constitutively expressed in myeloid cells. The levels of circulating S100A8/A9 in humans strongly correlate to blood neutrophil counts and are increased by traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. S100A8/A9 is an endogenous ligand of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and has been shown to promote atherogenesis in mice. In humans, S100A8/A9 correlates with the extent of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis and with a vulnerable plaque phenotype. S100A8/A9 is locally released following myocardial infarction and amplifies the inflammatory responses associated with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Elevated plasma levels of S100A8/A9 are associated with increased risk of future coronary events in healthy individuals and in myocardial infarction survivors. Thus, S100A8/A9 might represent a useful biomarker and therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Importantly, S100A8/A9 blockers have been developed and are approved for clinical testing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.