ArticleMediators of inflammation2013
IRF5 is a specific marker of inflammatory macrophages in vivo.
Article in Mediators of inflammation, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monocyte/Macrophage Abnormalities Specific to Rheumatoid Arthritis Are Linked to miR-155 and Are Differentially Modulated by Different TNF Inhibitors.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Trial
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- Targeted RNA Therapy Reprograms Fibrotic Macrophages to Reverse Pulmonary Fibrosis.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Targeting GM-CSF in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Advances in Cytokine-Directed Immunotherapy and Clinical Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Interferon Regulator Factor 5: A Novel Inflammatory Marker and Promising Therapeutic Target in Ulcerative Colitis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
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- Lactobacilli-based postbiotic differentially affects chicken macrophage-like HD11 cells depending on stimulatory lipopolysaccharide dosage.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Disruption of the novel nested geneeLife · 2025Article
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- Repeated birth injuries lead to long-term pelvic floor muscle dysfunction in the preclinical rat model.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Article
- EBV-Induced LINC00944: A Driver of Oral Cancer Progression and Influencer of Macrophage Differentiation.Cancers · 2025Article
- The role of innate immune responses against two strains of PEDV (S INDEL and non-S INDEL) in newborn and weaned piglets inoculated by combined orogastric and intranasal routes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Interferon regulatory factor 5: a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Metal-based smart nanosystems in cancer immunotherapy.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- IRF5 suppresses metastasis through the regulation of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles and pre-metastatic niche formation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Role of Interferon Regulatory Factors in Liver Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
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- iRhom2 regulates ectodomain shedding and surface expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Inhaled GM-CSF administered during ongoing pneumovirus infection alters myeloid and CD8 T cell immunity without affecting disease outcome.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- An Integrative Multiomics Framework for Identification of Therapeutic Targets in Pulmonary Fibrosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages are an integral part of the innate immune system and key players in pathogen clearance and tissue remodelling. Both functions are accomplished by a pivotal network of different macrophage subtypes, including proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Previously, our laboratory identified the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) as the master regulator of the M1 macrophage polarisation. IRF5 was found to be highly expressed in human M1 compared to M2 macrophages. Furthermore, IRF5 dictates the expression of proinflammatory genes such as IL12b and IL23a whilst repressing anti-inflammatory genes like IL10. Here we show that murine bone marrow derived macrophages differentiated in vitro with GM-CSF are also characterised by high levels of IRF5 mRNA and protein and express proinflammatory cytokines upon LPS stimulation. These macrophages display characteristic expression of M1-marker MHC II but lack the M2-marker CD206. Significantly, we develop intracellular staining of IRF5- expressing macrophages and utilise it to recapitulate the in vitro results in an in vivo model of antigen-induced arthritis, emphasising their physiological relevance. Thus, we establish the species-invariant role of IRF5 in controlling the inflammatory macrophage phenotype both in vitro and in in vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.