Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24452804›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2014

Rational optimization of tolC as a powerful dual selectable marker for genome engineering.

Christopher J Gregg, Marc J Lajoie, Michael G Napolitano, Joshua A Mosberg, Daniel B Goodman, John Aach, Farren J Isaacs, George M Church

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Cellular function of the GndA microprotein during heat shock.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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  5. Review
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  8. Article
  9. Genetic Manipulation of Wild Human GutJournal of bacteriology · 2020
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Codon usage of highly expressed genes affects proteome-wide translation efficiency.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Emergent rules for codon choice elucidated by editing rare arginine codons in Escherichia coli.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Genomes by design.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2015
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Christopher J GreggDepartment of Genetics and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Program in Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516, USA.
Marc J Lajoie
Michael G Napolitano
Joshua A Mosberg
Daniel B Goodman
John Aach
Farren J Isaacs
George M Church
Harvard University · US

Funding

Training Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative GenomicsT32HG002295 · NHGRI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Peter J Park · 2001 to 2026
$15.8M
NHGRI NIH HHS T32 HG002295
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Selection has been invaluable for genetic manipulation, although counter-selection has historically exhibited limited robustness and convenience. TolC, an outer membrane pore involved in transmembrane transport in E. coli, has been implemented as a selectable/counter-selectable marker, but counter-selection escape frequency using colicin E1 precludes using tolC for inefficient genetic manipulations and/or with large libraries. Here, we leveraged unbiased deep sequencing of 96 independent lineages exhibiting counter-selection escape to identify loss-of-function mutations, which offered mechanistic insight and guided strain engineering to reduce counter-selection escape frequency by ∼40-fold. We fundamentally improved the tolC counter-selection by supplementing a second agent, vancomycin, which reduces counter-selection escape by 425-fold, compared colicin E1 alone. Combining these improvements in a mismatch repair proficient strain reduced counter-selection escape frequency by 1.3E6-fold in total, making tolC counter-selection as effective as most selectable markers, and adding a valuable tool to the genome editing toolbox. These improvements permitted us to perform stable and continuous rounds of selection/counter-selection using tolC, enabling replacement of 10 alleles without requiring genotypic screening for the first time. Finally, we combined these advances to create an optimized E. coli strain for genome engineering that is ∼10-fold more efficient at achieving allelic diversity than previous best practices.

Indexed as

AllelesBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsBiomarkersEscherichia coliEscherichia coli ProteinsGene DeletionGene DuplicationGenetic EngineeringGenome, BacterialHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingMembrane Transport ProteinsPhenotypeBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsBiomarkersEscherichia coli ProteinsMembrane Transport ProteinstolC protein, E coli

Identifiers

PMID24452804
PMCPMC3985617
OpenAlexW2146238182

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.