ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2013
Toxic metal concentrations in cigarettes obtained from U.S. smokers in 2009: results from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) United States survey cohort.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Comparative Health Risk Assessment of Electronic Cigarettes and Conventional Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Pooled it
- Environmental Metals and Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: A Systematic Review Beyond Lead and Cadmium.Current environmental health reports · 2016Pooled it
- Lung cancer risk in welders and foundry workers with a history of heavy smoking in the USA: The National Lung Screening Trial.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2017Trial
- Demographic Factors Affect the BMAC Proteome.Journal of proteome research · 2026Article
- Multi-metal cooperation drives chemoresistance in lung cancer and is reversed by the membrane-permeable chelator MiADMSA.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Trace Element Content in Fingernails of Vietnamese Men with Laryngeal Cancer: Cumulative Exposure Assessment.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Arsenic and Cadmium in Cigar Fillers: A Comparative Study within Cigar Types and with Cigarettes.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Environmental modulators of vascular physiology and inflammation.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Cadmium exposure as a contributing factor to hepato-renal injury in apparently healthy active cigarette smokers in buea-cameroon.PloS one · 2026Article
- Profibrotic predictive toxicology in the lung.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Toxic Trace Element Concentration in Commercially Available Cigarettes in Poland, Europe.Toxics · 2025Article
- Comparison of selected metals in the fillers of 14 commercial hemp cigarette brands to commercial tobacco cigarettes.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy and blood lead levels in US children aged 1-15 years: associations modified by age and race.Paediatrics & child health · 2025Article
- Impact of Tobacco Cigarette Smoking on Semen Quality and Serum Levels of Sex Hormones in Men: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Nutritional Support of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Evaluation and Comparison of Capillary Morphology Among Combusted Tobacco, Heated Tobacco and E-Cigarette Users.Biology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive computational analysis via Adverse Outcome Pathways and Aggregate Exposure Pathways in exploring synergistic effects from radon and tobacco smoke on lung cancer.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Using buccal methylomic data to create explainable aging clocks as well as classifiers and regressors for lifestyle and demographic factors.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Assessing Metal Exposures Among Children Living in Environmental Justice Communities Near Metal Recycling Facilities in Houston, Texas.Environmental justice (Print) · 2024Article
- Associations between metals and metabolomic profiles related to diabetes among adults in a rural region.Environmental research · 2024Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Smoking-related diseases can be attributed to the inhalation of many different toxins, including heavy metals, which have a host of detrimental health effects. The current study reports the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in cigarettes obtained from adult smokers participating in the 2009 wave of the ITC United States Survey (N = 320). The mean As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb levels were 0.17, 0.86, 2.35, 2.21, and 0.44 µg/g, respectively. There were some differences in metal concentrations of cigarette brands produced by different manufacturers, suggesting differences in the source of tobaccos used by different companies. For Ni, there were significant pairwise differences between Philip Morris U.S. (PMUSA) and R.J. Reynolds (RJR) brands (PMUSA higher; p < 0.001), PMUSA and other manufacturer (OM) brands (PMUSA higher; p < 0.001), and RJR and OM brands (RJR higher; p = 0.006). For Cr, RJR brands had higher levels than did OM brands (p = 0.02). Levels of As, Cd, and Pb did not differ significantly across manufacturer groups (p > 0.10). Because of the variety of toxic heavy metals in cigarette tobacco, and their numerous negative health effects, metal content in cigarette tobacco should be reduced.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.