Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24452021›Full record

ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2014

Population-level effects of suppressing fever.

David J D Earn, Paul W Andrews, Benjamin M Bolker

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Fever Inspiration: Precision Engineering for Safe and Systemic Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. The immunology of sickness metabolism.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Prostaglandin ETemperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2024
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Role of fever and ambient temperature in COVID-19.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2021
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Let fever do its job: The meaning of fever in the pandemic era.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2021
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

David J D EarnDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Department of Biology, McMaster University, , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Paul W Andrews
Benjamin M Bolker
McMaster University · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fever is commonly attenuated with antipyretic medication as a means to treat unpleasant symptoms of infectious diseases. We highlight a potentially important negative effect of fever suppression that becomes evident at the population level: reducing fever may increase transmission of associated infections. A higher transmission rate implies that a larger proportion of the population will be infected, so widespread antipyretic drug use is likely to lead to more illness and death than would be expected in a population that was not exposed to antipyretic pharmacotherapies. We assembled the published data available for estimating the magnitudes of these individual effects for seasonal influenza. While the data are incomplete and heterogeneous, they suggest that, overall, fever suppression increases the expected number of influenza cases and deaths in the US: for pandemic influenza with reproduction number , the estimated increase is 1% (95% CI: 0.0-2.7%), whereas for seasonal influenza with , the estimated increase is 5% (95% CI: 0.2-12.1%).

Indexed as

AntipyreticsEpidemicsFeverHumansInfluenza, HumanVirus SheddingAntipyreticsantipyretic drugsfeverinfluenzatransmission

Identifiers

PMID24452021
PMCPMC3906934
OpenAlexW2152475163

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.