ArticleAIDS (London, England)2014
Compartmentalization of innate immune responses in the central nervous system during cryptococcal meningitis/HIV coinfection.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Molecular mechanisms of co-infections.EMBO reports · 2025Review
- State of the Field: Cytotoxic Immune Cell Responses inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Viral-bacterial co-infections screen in vitro reveals molecular processes affecting pathogen proliferation and host cell viability.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Baseline Serum C-Reactive Protein Level Predicts Mortality in Cryptococcal Meningitis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Chemokine receptor CXCR3 is required for lethal brain pathology but not pathogen clearance during cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.Science advances · 2020Article
- Immune cell characteristics and cytokine responses in adult HIV-negative tuberculous meningitis: an observational cohort study.Scientific reports · 2019Observational
- Individuals with HIV-1 Subtype C Infection and Cryptococcal Meningitis Exhibit Viral Genetic Intermixing of HIV-1 Between Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid and a High Prevalence of CXCR4-Using Variants.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- Plasma But Not Cerebrospinal Fluid Interleukin 7 and Interleukin 5 Levels Pre-Antiretroviral Therapy Commencement Predict Cryptococcosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
- Monocyte Phenotype and IFN-γ-Inducible Cytokine Responses Are Associated with Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Relationship of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viral Load in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma in Patients Co-infected With Cryptococcal Meningitis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2017Article
- The immunopathogenesis of cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: understanding a conundrum.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2016Review
- Cellular immune activation in cerebrospinal fluid from ugandans with cryptococcal meningitis and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Observational
- Paradoxical Immune Responses in Non-HIV Cryptococcal Meningitis.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Cytokine profiles at admission can be related to outcome in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis.PloS one · 2015Article
- Neutrophil-associated central nervous system inflammation in tuberculous meningitis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2014Article
- Immune reconstitution disorders in patients with HIV infection: from pathogenesis to prevention and treatment.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2014Article
- Unmasking cryptococcal meningitis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in pregnancy induced by HIV antiretroviral therapy with postpartum paradoxical exacerbation.Medical mycology case reports · 2014Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, HIV, and tuberculous meningitis.Annals of Indian Academy of NeurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of cryptococcal meningitis is unclear. We hypothesized that natural killer (NK) cell and monocyte responses show central nervous system (CNS) compartment-specific profiles, and are altered by antifungal therapy and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) during cryptococcal meningitis/HIV coinfection.
designSubstudy of a prospective cohort study of adults with cryptococcal meningitis/HIV coinfection in Durban, South Africa.
methodsWe used multiparametric flow cytometry to study compartmentalization of subsets, CD69 (a marker of activation), CXCR3 and CX3CR1 expression, and cytokine secretion of NK cells and monocytes in freshly collected blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at diagnosis (n = 23), completion of antifungal therapy induction (n = 19), and after a further 4 weeks of cART (n = 9).
resultsRelative to blood, CSF was enriched with CD56(bright) (immunoregulatory) NK cells (P = 0.0004). At enrolment, CXCR3 expression was more frequent among blood CD56(bright) than either blood CD56(dim) (P < 0.0001) or CSF CD56(bright) (P = 0.0002) NK cells. Antifungal therapy diminished blood (P < 0.05), but not CSF CXCR3(pos) NK-cell proportions nor CX3CR1(pos) NK-cell proportions. CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) NK cells were more activated in CSF than blood (P < 0.0001). Antifungal therapy induction reduced CD56(dim) NK-cell activation in CSF (P = 0.02). Activation of blood CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) NK cells was diminished following cART commencement (P < 0.0001, P = 0.03). Immunoregulatory NK cells in CSF tended to secrete higher levels of CXCL10 (P = 0.06) and lower levels of tumor necrosis factor α (P = 0.06) than blood immunoregulatory NK cells. CSF was enriched with nonclassical monocytes (P = 0.001), but antifungal therapy restored proportions of classical monocytes (P = 0.007).
conclusionThese results highlight CNS activation, trafficking, and function of NK cells and monocytes in cryptococcal meningitis/HIV and implicate immunoregulatory NK cells and proinflammatory monocytes as potential modulators of cryptococcal meningitis pathogenesis during HIV coinfection.
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