ArticlePharmaceutical research2014
Nano-engineered erythrocyte ghosts as inhalational carriers for delivery of fasudil: preparation and characterization.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Canadian respiratory journal · 2026Review
- Targeting TNFAIP2 with NIR-II CRISPR-Cas9 nanosystem to overcome cisplatin resistance in laryngeal cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Red blood cells-derived components as biomimetic functional materials: Matching versatile delivery strategies based on structure and function.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Fundamental and Targeted Approaches in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Smart nanoplatforms for early detection and immune modulation in lung cancer.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Red blood cell-derived materials for cancer therapy: Construction, distribution, and applications.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Red blood cells in biology and translational medicine: natural vehicle inspires new biomedical applications.Theranostics · 2024Review
- Biointeraction of Erythrocyte Ghost Membranes with Gold Nanoparticles Fluorescents.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Hemolysis-associated phosphatidylserine exposure promotes polyclonal plasmablast differentiation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- Chronicles of Nanoerythrosomes: An Erythrocyte-Based Biomimetic Smart Drug Delivery System as a Therapeutic and Diagnostic Tool in Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Nanoerythrosome-functionalized biohybrid microswimmers.APL bioengineering · 2020Article
- Newer approaches and novel drugs for inhalational therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension.Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2020Review
- Erythrocytes as Carriers: From Drug Delivery to Biosensors.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Human megakaryocytic microparticles induce de novo platelet biogenesis in a wild-type murine model.Blood advances · 2020Article
- Systemically Administered, Target-Specific, Multi-Functional Therapeutic Recombinant Proteins in Regenerative Medicine.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Red Blood Cells are Appropriate Carrier for Coagulation Factor VIII.Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets · 2020Article
- Novel Fast and Reliable Method for Nano-Erythrosome Production Using Shear Force.Drug design, development and therapy · 2020Article
- Combination of drugs and carriers in drug delivery technology and its development.Drug design, development and therapy · 2019Review
- A polymer-free, biomimicry drug self-delivery system fabricated via a synergistic combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2018Article
- Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Kinase (ROCK) in Molecular Regulation of Angiogenesis.Theranostics · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeNanoerythrosomes (NERs), an engineered derivative of erythrocytes, have long been used as drug delivery carriers. These cell based carriers are biocompatible and biodegradable, and they exhibit efficient drug loading, targeting specificity and prolonged biological half-life. In this study, we have evaluated the feasibility of NERs as inhalable carriers for delivery of fasudil, an investigational drug for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
methodsWe prepared NERs by hypotonic lysis of erythrocytes derived from rat blood followed by extrusion through polycarbonate membranes. The formulations were optimized and characterized for size, morphology, entrapment efficiency, stability, cellular uptake and in-vitro release profiles followed by monitoring of drug absorption and safety evaluation after intratracheal administration of fasudil-loaded NERs into rats.
resultsNERs were spherical in shape with an average size of 154.1 ± 1.31 nm and the drug loading efficiency was 48.76 ± 2.18%. Formulations were stable when stored at 4°C for 3 weeks. When incubated with rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASM), a significant amount of NERs was taken up by PASM cells. The drug encapsulated in NERs inhibited the rho-kinase activity upto 50%, which was comparable with the plain fasudil. A ~6-8 fold increase in the half-life of fasudil was observed when encapsulated in NERs.
conclusionThis study suggests that nanoerythrosomes can be used as cell derived carriers for inhalational delivery of fasudil.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.