ArticleBiomaterials2014
A hydrogel-based tumor model for the evaluation of nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics.
Article in Biomaterials, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Fostering cell-cell interactions and integrating angiocrine factors to promote the development of salivary microtissues in 3D.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- GelMA Core-Shell Microgel Preparation Based on a Droplet Microfluidic Device for Three-Dimensional Tumor Ball Culture and Its Drug Testing.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Bioprinting of GelMA-Based Hydrogels to Aid in Creation of Biomimetic 3D Models for Glioblastoma.Micromachines · 2025Article
- TGFβ1 and RGD Cooperatively Regulate SMAD2/3-Mediated Oncogenic Effects in Prostate Cancer Cells in Bio-Orthogonally Constructed Hydrogels.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Hyaluronic acid as a versatile building block for the development of biofunctional hydrogels: In vitro models and preclinical innovations.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Mimicking the Complexity of Solid Tumors: How Spheroids Could Advance Cancer Preclinical Transformative Approaches.Cancers · 2025Article
- Complexed hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnosis: Research trends by natural language processing.Heliyon · 2025Article
- The Efficacy of Zinc Phthalocyanine Nanoconjugate on Melanoma Cells Grown as Three-Dimensional Multicellular Tumour Spheroids.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Applications and Advances of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids: Challenges in Their Development and Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Reflections on the Biology of Cell Culture Models: Living on the Edge of Oxidative Metabolism in Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Nano-Hydroxyapatite/PLGA Mixed Scaffolds as a Tool for Drug Development and to Study Metastatic Prostate Cancer in the Bone.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Assessing the interactions between nanoparticles and biological barriers in vitro: a new challenge for microscopy techniques in nanomedicine.European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2022Article
- In Vitro Models of Biological Barriers for Nanomedical Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Photodynamic Therapy of Metastatic Melanoma: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- EnablingJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2021Article
- Proteinaceous Hydrogels for Bioengineering Advanced 3D Tumor Models.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Review
- Review
- RGD Peptide and PAD4 Inhibitor-Loaded Gold Nanorods for Chemo-Photothermal Combined Therapy to Inhibit Tumor Growth, Prevent Lung Metastasis and Improve Biosafety.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineered tumor models have the potential to bridge the gap between monolayer cultures and patient-derived xenografts for the testing of nanoparticle (NP)-based cancer therapeutics. In this study, a hydrogel-derived prostate cancer (PCa) model was developed for the in vitro evaluation of doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded polymer NPs (Dox-NPs). The hydrogels were synthesized using chemically modified hyaluronic acid (HA) carrying acrylate groups (HA-AC) or reactive thiols (HA-SH). The crosslinked hydrogel networks exhibited an estimated pore size of 70-100 nm, similar to the spacing of the extracellular matrices (ECM) surrounding tumor tissues. LNCaP PCa cells entrapped in the HA matrices formed distinct tumor-like multicellular aggregates with an average diameter of 50 μm after 7 days of culture. Compared to cells grown on two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture plates, cells from the engineered tumoroids expressed significantly higher levels of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins, including multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) and lung resistance-related protein (LRP), both at the mRNA and the protein levels. Separately, Dox-NPs with an average diameter of 54 ± 1 nm were prepared from amphiphilic block copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) bearing pendant cyclic ketals. Dox-NPs were able to diffuse through the hydrogel matrices, penetrate into the tumoroid and be internalized by LNCaP PCa cells through caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis pathways. Compared to 2D cultures, LNCaP PCa cells cultured as multicellular aggregates in HA hydrogel were more resistant to Dox and Dox-NPs treatments. Moreover, the NP-based Dox formulation could bypass the drug efflux function of MRP1, thereby partially reversing the resistance to free Dox in 3D cultures. Overall, the engineered tumor model has the potential to provide predictable results on the efficacy of NP-based cancer therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.