Trial reportJournal of consulting and clinical psychology2014
Therapeutic alliance in face-to-face and telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy.
Trial report in Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic alliance across delivery modalities: a systematic narrative review of alliance strength and outcome prediction in face-to-face, online, and blended psychotherapy.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2026Pooled it
- Audio-Based Care for Managing Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Adults: A Systematic Review.Medical care · 2025Pooled it
- TelehealthPsychological medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Therapeutic Alliance in Technology-Based Interventions for the Treatment of Depression: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Pooled it
- Are there interactional differences between telephone and face-to-face psychological therapy? A systematic review of comparative studies.Journal of affective disorders · 2020Pooled it
- Psychological therapies for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long-term conditions.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- Efficacy and safety of combination behavioral activation for smoking cessation and varenicline for treating tobacco dependence among individuals with current or past major depressive disorder: A 2 × 2 factorial, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Trial
- "Unrigging the support wheels" - A qualitative study on patients' experiences with and perspectives on low-intensity CBT.BMC health services research · 2019Trial
- Predictors of outcome for telephone and face-to-face administered cognitive behavioral therapy for depression.Psychological medicine · 2015Trial
- Uses of Virtual Care in Primary Care: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Effects of therapeutic alliance on patients with major depressive disorder: a literature review.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Review
- How to promote usage of telehealth interventions for farmers' mental health? A qualitative study on supporting and hindering aspects for acceptance and satisfaction with a personalized telephone coaching for depression prevention.Internet interventions · 2023Article
- The Functional and Psychosocial Consequences of COPD.Respiratory care · 2023Article
- Comparison of online and in-person cognitive behavioral therapy in individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder: a non-randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Anxiety and Depression in Family Members of Critically Ill Covid-19 Inpatients: Brief Psychological Interventions via Telephone, an Exploratory Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Article
- Article
- Virtual Care for Behavioral Health Conditions.Primary care · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTelephone-administered therapies have emerged as an alternative method of delivery for the treatment of depression, yet concerns persist that the use of the telephone may have a deleterious effect on therapeutic alliance. The purpose of this study was to compare therapeutic alliance in clients receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression by telephone (T-CBT) or face-to-face (FtF-CBT).
methodWe randomized 325 participants to receive 18 sessions of T-CBT or FtF-CBT. The Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) was administered at Weeks 4 and 14. Depression was measured during treatment and over 1 year posttreatment follow-up using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
resultsThere were no significant differences in client or therapist WAI between T-CBT or FtF-CBT (Cohen's f² ranged from 0 to .013, all ps > .05). All WAI scores predicted depression end of treatment outcomes (Cohen's f² ranged from .009 to .06, all ps < .02). The relationship between the WAI and depression outcomes did not vary by treatment group (Cohen's f² ranged from 0 to .004, ps > .07). The WAI did not significantly predict depression during posttreatment follow-up (all ps > .12).
conclusionsResults from this analysis do not support the hypothesis that the use of the telephone to provide CBT reduces therapeutic alliance relative to FtF-CBT.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.