Trial reportThe Journal of school health2014
A food service intervention improves whole grain access at lunch in rural elementary schools.
Trial report in The Journal of school health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interventions to Promote Healthy Meals in Full-Service Restaurants and Canteens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Altering the availability or proximity of food, alcohol, and tobacco products to change their selection and consumption.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Altering the availability or proximity of food, alcohol, and tobacco products to change their selection and consumption.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- The CHANGE study: a healthy-lifestyles intervention to improve rural children's diet quality.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2014Trial
- Exploring the Cross-Sectional Relationship Between Implementation Supports for Adopting Nutrition Standards and the Nutritional Quality of School Lunches Served.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2025Article
- Increasing fibre intake in the UK: lessons from the Danish Whole Grain Partnership.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Review
- Training Preferences of School Food Service Staff Vary by Role in the School Nutrition Program.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Eating School Meals Daily Is Associated with Healthier Dietary Intakes: The Healthy Communities Study.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2018Observational
- State Laws Are Associated with School Lunch Duration and Promotion Practices.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2018Article
- Improvements and Disparities in Types of Foods and Milk Beverages Offered in Elementary School Lunches, 2006-2007 to 2013-2014.Preventing chronic disease · 2016Article
- Rural and Remote Food Environments and Obesity.Current obesity reports · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhole grain (WG) options are often limited in schools, which may impact rural, low-income students who rely on school meals for a substantial portion of their food intake. This study examined the changes in the availability and quantity of WG and refined grain foods offered in schools participating in the Creating Healthy, Active and Nurturing Growing-up Environments (CHANGE) study, a randomized, controlled intervention among rural communities (4 intervention and 4 control).
methodsFoods were assessed using production records, recipes, and nutrition labels from breakfast and lunch over 1 week during fall 2008 and spring 2009. Key informant interviews were conducted with school food service directors in the spring 2009.
resultsThe CHANGE intervention schools significantly increased the average percent of school days WGs were offered (p = .047) and the amount of WGs offered/food item (ounces) at lunch compared with control schools (p = .02). There was a significant decrease in the percent of students with access to refined grains at lunch compared with control schools (p = .049), although there were no significant differences in WG availability during breakfast.
conclusionsThe CHANGE schools improved WG availability, enabling student's WG consumption to be closer to national recommendations.
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Registered trials
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