Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24443471›Full record

ArticleGenome research2014

Enhancer-targeted genome editing selectively blocks innate resistance to oncokinase inhibition.

Dan E Webster, Brook Barajas, Rose T Bussat, Karen J Yan, Poornima H Neela, Ross J Flockhart, Joanna Kovalski, Ashley Zehnder, Paul A Khavari

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  10. Biology · 2022
    Article
  11. The MITF regulatory network in melanoma.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2022
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Dan E WebsterThe Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA; The Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Brook Barajas
Rose T Bussat
Karen J Yan
Poornima H Neela
Ross J Flockhart
Joanna Kovalski
Ashley Zehnder
Paul A Khavari
VA Palo Alto Health Care System · US

Funding

Leveraging innovative technologies in basic and clinical cancer researchT32CA009302 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LAURA D ATTARDI, Aaron M Newman · 1985 to 2026
$19.1M
Regulators of TumorigenesisR01CA142635 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI KHAVARI, PAUL · 2011 to 2020
$3.5M
NCI NIH HHS CA142635NCI NIH HHS R01 CA142635NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009302
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thousands of putative enhancers are characterized in the human genome, yet few have been shown to have a functional role in cancer progression. Inhibiting oncokinases, such as EGFR, ALK, ERBB2, and BRAF, is a mainstay of current cancer therapy but is hindered by innate drug resistance mediated by up-regulation of the HGF receptor, MET. The mechanisms mediating such genomic responses to targeted therapy are unknown. Here, we identify lineage-specific enhancers at the MET locus for multiple common tumor types, including a melanoma lineage-specific enhancer 63 kb downstream from the MET TSS. This enhancer displays inducible chromatin looping with the MET promoter to up-regulate MET expression upon BRAF inhibition. Epigenomic analysis demonstrated that the melanocyte-specific transcription factor, MITF, mediates this enhancer function. Targeted genomic deletion (<7 bp) of the MITF motif within the MET enhancer suppressed inducible chromatin looping and innate drug resistance, while maintaining MITF-dependent, inhibitor-induced melanoma cell differentiation. Epigenomic analysis can thus guide functional disruption of regulatory DNA to decouple pro- and anti-oncogenic functions of a dominant transcription factor and block innate resistance to oncokinase therapy.

Indexed as

Enhancer Elements, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGenome, HumanCell Line, TumorChromatinDrug Resistance, NeoplasmHumansIndolesMelanomaMicrophthalmia-Associated Transcription FactorPromoter Regions, GeneticProtein Kinase InhibitorsProto-Oncogene Proteins B-rafProto-Oncogene Proteins c-metSulfonamidesTranscriptomeBRAF protein, humanChromatinIndolesMET protein, humanMicrophthalmia-Associated Transcription FactorMITF protein, humanProtein Kinase InhibitorsProto-Oncogene Proteins B-rafProto-Oncogene Proteins c-metSulfonamidesVemurafenib

Identifiers

PMID24443471
PMCPMC4009605
OpenAlexW2147588369

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.