Trial reportHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2014
Inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers and risk of liver and biliary tract cancer.
Trial report in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- AGA Clinical Practice Update on Risk Stratification and Emerging Surveillance Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Expert Review.Gastroenterology · 2026Guideline
- Correlations between circulating adipokines and hepatocellular carcinoma: a Systematic Review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Association of interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: An up-to-date meta-analysis.Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Genetic polymorphisms of the multidrug resistance 1 gene MDR1 and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Serum adiponectin levels may be associated with the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Higher Glucose and Insulin Levels Are Associated with Risk of Liver Cancer and Chronic Liver Disease Mortality among Men without a History of Diabetes.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2016Trial
- Association between C-reactive protein, incident liver cancer, and chronic liver disease mortality in the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials: a nested case-control study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2015Trial
- A bioengineered platform reveals progressive impairment of skeletal muscles by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-derived factors.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
- Artificially Sweetened and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Risk of Liver Cancer.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- The endonuclease MCPIP1 protects against liver cancer development in a sex-dependent manner by modulating β-catenin and CREB1.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Article
- Insulin resistance: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Trained immunity as a systemic bridge: the liver-gut-immune-oral axis in the comorbidity of chronic liver disease and periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Diabetes and NAFLD: A Synergistic Threat to Metabolic Health.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2025Review
- Associations between prediagnostic plasma metabolites and biliary tract cancer risk in the prospective UK Biobank cohort.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- A Medical Anthropology Assessment of Community Liver Cancer Risks: Qualitative Comparisons of Communities with Different Risk Profiles in Thailand.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Plasma Adiponectin Levels in Relation to Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Progression to Liver Cancer Milestones: A Prospective Study.Liver cancer · 2025Article
- Potential Molecular Markers for Cholecystic Inflammation-Induced Carcinogenesis Based on RNA-Seq Gene Screening.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Article
- Kupffer Cell-derived IL6 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Via the JAK1-ACAP4 Pathway.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
48 authors at 20 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledObesity and associated metabolic disorders have been implicated in liver carcinogenesis; however, there are little data on the role of obesity-related biomarkers on liver cancer risk. We studied prospectively the association of inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers with risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic bile duct (IBD), and gallbladder and biliary tract cancers outside of the liver (GBTC) in a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Over an average of 7.7 years, 296 participants developed HCC (n=125), GBTC (n=137), or IBD (n=34). Using risk-set sampling, controls were selected in a 2:1 ratio and matched for recruitment center, age, sex, fasting status, and time of blood collection. Baseline serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-peptide, total high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, leptin, fetuin-a, and glutamatdehydrogenase (GLDH) were measured, and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. After adjustment for lifestyle factors, diabetes, hepatitis infection, and adiposity measures, higher concentrations of CRP, IL-6, C-peptide, and non-HMW adiponectin were associated with higher risk of HCC (IRR per doubling of concentrations=1.22; 95% CI=1.02-1.46; P=0.03; 1.90; 95% CI=1.30-2.77; P=0.001; 2.25; 95% CI=1.43-3.54; P=0.0005; and 2.09; 95% CI=1.19-3.67; P=0.01, respectively). CRP was associated also with risk of GBTC (IRR=1.22; 95% CI=1.05-1.42; P=0.01). GLDH was associated with risks of HCC (IRR=1.62; 95% CI=1.25-2.11; P=0.0003) and IBD (IRR=10.5; 95% CI=2.20-50.90; P=0.003). The continuous net reclassification index was 0.63 for CRP, IL-6, C-peptide, and non-HMW adiponectin and 0.46 for GLDH, indicating good predictive ability of these biomarkers.
conclusionElevated levels of biomarkers of inflammation and hyperinsulinemia are associated with a higher risk of HCC, independent of obesity and established liver cancer risk factors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.