Trial reportJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2014
A prospective study of the effect of pregnancy on CD4 counts and plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected women.
Trial report in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Family planning use and fertility desires among women living with HIV in Kenya.BMC public health · 2015Trial
- Identifying socioeconomic characteristics of pregnant women aged 15-50 years diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy, the Netherlands, 2016 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Reference intervals for CD4 and hemoglobin among apparently healthy pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of detectable HIV viral load among pregnant women with HIV infection seeking antenatal care in Southern Malawi.AIDS care · 2024Article
- Understanding clinical outcome measures reported in HIV pregnancy studies involving antiretroviral-naive and antiretroviral-experienced women.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Outcomes After Being Lost to Follow-up Differ for Pregnant and Postpartum Women When Compared With the General HIV Treatment Population in Rural South Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
- Pregnancy Gestation Impacts on HIV-1-Specific Granzyme B Response and Central Memory CD4 T Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- HIV viraemia during pregnancy in women receiving preconception antiretroviral therapy in KwaDukuza, KwaZulu-Natal.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2019Article
- The treatment of a pregnant HIV positive patient with cryptococcal meningitis in Malawi. Case report and review of treatment options.Medical mycology case reports · 2018Article
- High levels of viral suppression among East African HIV-infected women and men in serodiscordant partnerships initiating antiretroviral therapy with high CD4 counts and during pregnancy.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- Fertility intentions and contraceptive practices among clinic-users living with HIV in Kenya: a mixed methods study.BMC public health · 2017Article
- Lower genetic variability of HIV-1 and antiretroviral drug resistance in pregnant women from the state of Pará, Brazil.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Pregnancy and HIV Disease Progression in an Early Infection Cohort from Five African Countries.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2017Article
- Effect of Pregnancy on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected African Women.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Immunological and hematological reference intervals among HIV-seronegative pregnant women in northwest Ethiopia.International journal of women's health · 2017Article
- Plasma viraemia in HIV-positive pregnant women entering antenatal care in South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2015Article
- Treatment outcome of different antiretroviral drug regimens in HIV-positive pregnant women.Perspectives in clinical researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn HIV-1-infected women, CD4 count declines occur during pregnancy, which has been attributed to hemodilution. However, for women who have not initiated antiretroviral therapy, it is unclear if CD4 declines are sustained beyond pregnancy and accompanied by increased viral levels, which could indicate an effect of pregnancy on accelerating HIV-1 disease progression.
methodsIn a prospective study among 2269 HIV-1-infected antiretroviral therapy-naive women from 7 African countries, we examined the effect of pregnancy on HIV-1 disease progression. We used linear mixed models to compare CD4 counts and plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations between pregnant, postpartum, and nonpregnant periods.
resultsWomen contributed 3270 person-years of follow-up, during which time 476 women became pregnant. In adjusted analysis, CD4 counts were an average of 56 (95% confidence interval: 39 to 73) cells/mm lower during pregnant compared with nonpregnant periods and 70 (95% confidence interval: 53 to 88) cells/mm lower during pregnant compared with postpartum periods; these results were consistent when restricted to the subgroup of women who became pregnant. Plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations were not different between pregnant and nonpregnant periods (P = 0.9) or pregnant and postpartum periods (P = 0.3). Neither CD4 counts nor plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were significantly different in postpartum compared with nonpregnant periods.
conclusionsCD4 count declines among HIV-1-infected women during pregnancy are temporary and not sustained in postpartum periods. Pregnancy does not have a short-term impact on plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.