ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2014
Inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation and the 2-year course of depressive disorders in antidepressant users.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06306209 (Inflammatory Control of Antidepressant Efficacy), which is not on this map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Inflammatory Control of Antidepressant Efficacy: a Pharmaco-epigenetic Approach
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effect of bright light therapy on glycemic control and cortisol rhythmicity in depression: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Trial
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- Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on Late-Life Depression: Associations with Disease Severity and Treatment Resistance.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2017Trial
- Celecoxib adjunct to antidepressants for major depressive disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Association of NOS3 rs1799983 Polymorphism with Cognitive Function in Patients with First Episode Depression.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- An exploratory study of glycemic biomarkers and rTMS treatment outcomes in treatment-resistant depression.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of psychotic symptoms in young first-episode, drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients with abnormal lipid metabolism.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Predicting incident cardio-metabolic disease among persons with and without depressive and anxiety disorders: a machine learning approach.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- The genetic overlap between major depressive disorder, white blood cell counts and interleukin 6.Journal of affective disorders reports · 2025Article
- Lipids and C-reactive protein predict anhedonia and reward circuit functional connectivity responses to anti-cytokine and dopaminergic therapies in patients with depression.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Clinical Efficacy of Acupuncture Combined with Escitalopram Oxalate in the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate Post-Stroke Depression.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- Conceptual foundations of acetylcarnitine supplementation in neuropsychiatric long COVID syndrome: a narrative review.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Review
- Immune-Targeted Therapies for Depression: Current Evidence for Antidepressant Effects of Monoclonal Antibodies.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2024Review
- Features of immunometabolic depression as predictors of antidepressant treatment outcomes: pooled analysis of four clinical trials.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2024Article
- Precision Medicine in Depression: The Role of Proteomics and Metabolomics in Personalized Treatment Approaches.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Mood and microbes: a comprehensive review of intestinal microbiota's impact on depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Treatment-resistant depression: definition, prevalence, detection, management, and investigational interventions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2023Article
- Article
- Inflammation, stress and depression: An exploration of ketamine's therapeutic profile.Drug discovery today · 2023Review
- Efficacy of celecoxib add-on treatment for immuno-metabolic depression: Protocol of the INFLAMED double-blind placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Scarce evidence suggests that inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation predicts poor response to antidepressants, which could result in worse depression outcome. This study prospectively examined whether inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation predicted the 2-year course of depressive disorders among antidepressant users. Data were from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, including 315 persons (18-65 years) with a current depressive disorder (major depressive disorder, dysthymia) at baseline according to the DSM-IV criteria and using antidepressants. Inflammatory (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor-necrosis factor-α) and metabolic (waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose) factors were measured at baseline. Primary outcome for course of depression was indicated by whether or not a DSM-IV depressive disorder diagnosis was still/again present at 2-year follow-up, indicating chronicity of depression. Elevated IL-6, low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia were associated with chronicity of depression in antidepressant users. Persons showing ⩾ 4 inflammatory or metabolic dysregulations had a 1.90 increased odds of depression chronicity (95% CI = 1.12-3.23). Among persons who recently (ie, at most 3 months) started antidepressant medication (N = 103), having ⩾ 4 dysregulations was associated with a 6.85 increased odds of depression chronicity (95% CI = 1.95-24.06). In conclusion, inflammatory and metabolic dysregulations were found to predict a more chronic course of depressive disorders among patients using antidepressants. This could suggest that inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation worsens depression course owing to reduced antidepressant treatment response and that alternative intervention treatments may be needed for depressed persons with inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation.
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Registered trials
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