Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24439336›Full record

ArticleAcademic radiology2014

Is higher lactate an indicator of tumor metastatic risk? A pilot MRS study using hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate.

He N Xu, Stephen Kadlececk, Harrilla Profka, Jerry D Glickson, Rahim Rizi, Lin Z Li

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Academic radiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Lactate and lactylation in tumor immunity.Frontiers of medicine · 2025
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. HyperpolarizedMetabolites · 2021
    Article
  8. Biomedical Applications of the Dynamic Nuclear Polarization and Parahydrogen Induced Polarization Techniques for HyperpolarizedMagnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2021
    Review
  9. Review
  10. HyperpolarizedNeoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2019
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Poly(lactic-International journal of nanomedicine · 2018
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Molecular imaging biomarkers for cell-based immunotherapies.Journal of translational medicine · 2017
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

He N XuDepartment of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr. Blockley B6, Philadelphia, PA 10104; Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Stephen KadlececkDepartment of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr. Blockley B6, Philadelphia, PA 10104.
Harrilla ProfkaDepartment of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr. Blockley B6, Philadelphia, PA 10104.
Jerry D GlicksonDepartment of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr. Blockley B6, Philadelphia, PA 10104.
Rahim RiziDepartment of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr. Blockley B6, Philadelphia, PA 10104.
Lin Z LiDepartment of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr. Blockley B6, Philadelphia, PA 10104; Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Electronic address: linli@mail.med.upenn.edu.
University of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA CAN CTR SUPPORT GRANTP30CA016520 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI SHELLEY L BERGER · 1985 to 2026
$222.3M
Penn Small Animal Imaging Resource (Penn-SAIR)U24CA083105 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI CHODOSH, LEWIS A, GLICKSON, JERRY D · 2007 to 2011
$2.1M
Imaging Mitochondrial Redox States In Vivo by Hyperpolarized MRR01CA155348 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI LI, LIN Z · 2011 to 2015
$1.9M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016520NCI NIH HHS R01 CA155348NCI NIH HHS U24 CA083105
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

RATIONALE AND

objectivesCancer cells generate more lactate than normal cells under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions-exhibiting the so-called Warburg effect. However, the relationship between the Warburg effect and tumor metastatic potential remains controversial. We intend to investigate whether the higher lactate reflects higher tumor metastatic potential. MATERIALS AND

methodsWe used hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to compare lactate (13)C-labeling in vivo in mouse xenografts of the highly metastatic (MDA-MB-231) and the relatively indolent (MCF-7) human breast cancer cell lines. We obtained the kinetic parameters of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-catalyzed reaction by three methods of data analysis including the differential equation fit, q-ratio fit, and ratio fit methods.

resultsConsistent results from the three methods showed that the highly metastatic tumors exhibited a smaller apparent forward rate constant (k(+) = 0.060 ± 0.004 s(-1)) than the relatively indolent tumors (k(+) = 0.097 ± 0.013 s(-1)). The ratio fit generated the greatest statistical significance for the difference (P = .02). No significant difference in the reverse rate constant was found between the two tumor lines.

conclusionsThe result indicates that the less metastatic breast tumors may produce more lactate than the highly metastatic ones from the injected (13)C-pyruvate and supports the notion that breast tumor metastatic risk is not necessarily associated with the high levels of glycolysis and lactate production. More studies are needed to confirm whether and how much the measured apparent rate constants are affected by the membrane transporter activity and whether they are primarily determined by the LDH activity.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiomarkers, TumorBreast NeoplasmsCarbon RadioisotopesCell Line, TumorHumansLactic AcidMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMiceMice, NudePyruvic AcidRadiopharmaceuticalsReproducibility of ResultsRisk FactorsSensitivity and SpecificityBiomarkers, TumorCarbon RadioisotopesLactic AcidPyruvic AcidRadiopharmaceuticalsNMRPyruvateratio fittwo-site exchange modelWarburg effect

Identifiers

PMID24439336
PMCPMC4169113
OpenAlexW1982359144

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.