ArticleImmunity2014
Embryonic and adult-derived resident cardiac macrophages are maintained through distinct mechanisms at steady state and during inflammation.
Article in Immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 913 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
913 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,422 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Macrophages in Cardiac Remodeling: Cues From Zebrafish Heart.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Pooled it
- Coenzyme Q10 mitigates macrophage mediated inflammation in heart following myocardial infarction via the NLRP3/IL1β pathway.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Trial
- Translational biology of human cardiac fibrosis.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- Article
- Heart-specific T cell responses: from antigens to disease mechanisms.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Disease-associated myeloid states in cardiac remodeling: A new era of cardiac inflammation research enabled by computational biology.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2026Review
- Article
- Targeting efferocytosis with carbonized polymer dots from a natural anti-inflammatory drug to alleviate excessive inflammatory responses in the acute phase of myocardial infarction.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Meteorin-like regulates cardiac repair via macrophage modulation following myocardial infarction.Basic research in cardiology · 2026Article
- Myeloid Cell Expansion Propels Right Ventricular Dysfunction in HFpEF Through Sterile Inflammation.Circulation · 2026Article
- Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Linking Physiology and Inflammation in Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal Nanotherapy After Myocardial Infarction: Targeting the Inflammatory-to-reparative Transition With Extracellular Vesicles and Engineered Nanoparticles.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Altered bone marrow niche forms central innate immune memory driving cardiac dysfunction.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cardiac immunity and heart repair: Mechanism, challenge, and future direction.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiac Cell Crosstalk: from Intercellular Communication to Clinical Translation.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- Reprogramming macrophage metabolism for cardiovascular therapy: From molecular pathways to precision nanomedicine.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Ventricular arrhythmogenesis in pulmonary hypertension: From right ventricular remodeling to clinical implications.Physiological reports · 2026Review
853 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cardiac macrophages are crucial for tissue repair after cardiac injury but are not well characterized. Here we identify four populations of cardiac macrophages. At steady state, resident macrophages were primarily maintained through local proliferation. However, after macrophage depletion or during cardiac inflammation, Ly6c(hi) monocytes contributed to all four macrophage populations, whereas resident macrophages also expanded numerically through proliferation. Genetic fate mapping revealed that yolk-sac and fetal monocyte progenitors gave rise to the majority of cardiac macrophages, and the heart was among a minority of organs in which substantial numbers of yolk-sac macrophages persisted in adulthood. CCR2 expression and dependence distinguished cardiac macrophages of adult monocyte versus embryonic origin. Transcriptional and functional data revealed that monocyte-derived macrophages coordinate cardiac inflammation, while playing redundant but lesser roles in antigen sampling and efferocytosis. These data highlight the presence of multiple cardiac macrophage subsets, with different functions, origins, and strategies to regulate compartment size.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.